Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee
The Federal Election Commission filings of the people who currently sit on this committee. The committee itself receives no campaign money and files nothing with the FEC.
What this page covers
This page summarizes the campaign finance of the people who currently sit on the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. It does not represent money received by the committee itself. A congressional committee is not a Federal Election Commission political committee: it has no FEC committee ID, it raises and receives nothing, and it files no campaign reports. Every amount below belongs to an individual member's own campaign, or was spent independently about that member by someone else.
Members serve on several committees at once, so these cohort figures overlap with other committees' and must never be added across them.
| Committee | Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee · Senate committee |
|---|---|
| Cycle | The 2022 two-year federal cycle |
| Roster as of | Sep 26, 2026 Roster fingerprint 7fd9b0d30b7664af. A committee assignment changing produces a different fingerprint, so a figure quoted from this page can be checked against the roster it was computed from. |
| Current members | 17 eligible · 17 with a complete FEC record · 0 without one |
| Finance coverage | Members' reports cover through Dec 31, 2022 at the earliest and Dec 31, 2022 at the latest. Most report through Dec 31, 2022. |
| Coverage policy | Every current member of this committee's roster is counted once, even when they hold more than one FEC candidate identity. Only members with a complete FEC record for the selected cycle contribute an amount; the rest are listed with the reason and are never counted as zero.Every figure is read from the same FEC snapshot each member's own campaign-finance page reads, so a member's row here and their profile cannot disagree. |
The 17 current members
Every current member of this committee, in the committee's own roster order by default. Selecting a measure below ranks them by it and draws one aligned bar per member on a single shared scale. Only one measure is ever drawn at a time: receipts and cash on hand are different quantities, and putting them on one axis would compare things the filings do not compare.
| Member | Party | State | Role on this committee | Total receipts | Cash on hand | Direct PAC receipts | Outside spending supporting | Outside spending opposing | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jerry Moran | Republican | KS | chairman | $5,531,189 | $3,378,725 | $2,059,850 | $274,468 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Chris Van Hollen | Democratic | MD | ranking member | $6,615,218 | $2,230,124 | $1,488,642 | $16,777 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Patty Murray | Democratic | WA | ex officio | $16,112,355 | $558,340 | $2,538,644 | $2,509,630 | $6,389,132 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Bill Hagerty | Republican | TN | member | $3,898,662 | $920,579 | $630,549 | $375,000 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Brian Schatz | Democratic | HI | member | $2,507,734 | $2,110,750 | $1,227,526 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Christopher A. Coons | Democratic | DE | member | $979,329 | $1,821,102 | $302,200 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Deb Fischer | Republican | NE | member | $1,238,406 | $1,400,197 | $615,895 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Gary C. Peters | Democratic | MI | member | $4,349,234 | $5,065,538 | $557,820 | $5,596 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Jack Reed | Democratic | RI | member | $521,243 | $1,903,962 | $183,135 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Jeanne Shaheen | Democratic | NH | member | $1,304,437 | $1,318,903 | $226,750 | $16,777 | $127,675 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Jeff Merkley | Democratic | OR | member | $1,844,039 | $4,238,502 | $13,500 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| John Kennedy | Republican | LA | member | $34,338,882 | $9,906,580 | $1,332,065 | $217,494 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Katie Boyd Britt | Republican | AL | member | $11,452,929 | $1,708,731 | $1,605,560 | $8,598,762 | $4,037,634 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Kirsten E. Gillibrand | Democratic | NY | member | $4,156,067 | $5,052,119 | $144,250 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Lisa Murkowski | Republican | AK | member | $9,319,257 | $657,686 | $2,626,700 | $6,017,069 | $1,004,318 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Shelley Moore Capito | Republican | WV | member | $862,872 | $2,838,784 | $511,901 | $0 | $0 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
| Susan M. Collins | Republican | ME | member | $1,136,249 | $1,597,418 | $228,500 | $776,854 | $8,333 | Through Dec 31, 2022 |
Contributions to candidates, involving current members
Money these committees gave to the authorized campaign committees of individual members of the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee, out of their own funds. Each amount was received and reported by a member's own campaign. None of it was given to the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee, which receives no campaign money and files nothing with the FEC.
$16,723,077 from 1,520 political committees, involving 17 of the 17 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | NRSC C00027466 | $102,400 | 0.6% | 2 | Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski | 4 | Nov 4, 2022 |
| 2 | CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION C00007880 | $66,500 | 0.4% | 9 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Deb Fischer, Gary C. Peters, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 19 | Sep 16, 2022 |
| 3 | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00030718 | $66,500 | 0.4% | 11 | Bill Hagerty, Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Deb Fischer, Jack Reed, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Kirsten E. Gillibrand, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 25 | Oct 21, 2022 |
| 4 | AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC) C00360354 | $65,500 | 0.4% | 11 | Bill Hagerty, Brian Schatz, Christopher A. Coons, Deb Fischer, Gary C. Peters, Jack Reed, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray, Shelley Moore Capito, Susan M. Collins | 21 | Sep 12, 2022 |
| 5 | COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL C00248716 | $65,000 | 0.4% | 7 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 26 | Oct 13, 2022 |
| 6 | MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC) C00004812 | $64,000 | 0.4% | 7 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 17 | Oct 11, 2022 |
| 7 | AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00110338 | $62,500 | 0.4% | 7 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 14 | Oct 17, 2022 |
| 8 | NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00130773 | $62,500 | 0.4% | 6 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jerry Moran, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 15 | Oct 6, 2022 |
| 9 | NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00144766 | $62,500 | 0.4% | 7 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 19 | Sep 20, 2022 |
| 10 | AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC) C00010868 | $61,000 | 0.4% | 10 | Bill Hagerty, Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jack Reed, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Shelley Moore Capito, Susan M. Collins | 19 | Nov 2, 2022 |
Money forwarded to candidates, involving current members
This money was not given by the committees named below. Each is a conduit: individual donors contributed and earmarked the money, and the conduit transmitted it to members' campaigns. It is kept out of the contributions ranking above because the donors are individuals, not these committees.
$321,607 from 4 political committees, involving 7 of the 17 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WINRED C00694323 | $320,651 | 99.7% | 4 | Bill Hagerty, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt | 50 | Oct 31, 2022 |
| 2 | ACTBLUE C00401224 | $956 | 0.3% | 3 | Chris Van Hollen, Kirsten E. Gillibrand, Patty Murray | 7 | Nov 6, 2022 |
| 3 | NORPAC C00247403 | $0 | 0.0% | 1 | Jerry Moran | 4 | Aug 25, 2021 |
| 4 | AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00797670 | $0 | 0.0% | 1 | Jerry Moran | 4 | Mar 4, 2022 |
Jointly raised money passed on to participants, involving current members
A joint fundraising committee raises money for several participants at once and passes each one its share. A transfer below is that split arriving at a member's campaign, not a committee choosing to fund that member, and it is never counted as a contribution.
$12,044 from 2 political committees, involving 2 of the 17 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DSCC CHAIR VICTORY FUND C00771063 | $11,700 | 97.1% | 1 | Gary C. Peters | 3 | Sep 27, 2022 |
| 2 | MORAN VICTORY COMMITTEE C00616268 | $344 | 2.9% | 1 | Jerry Moran | 1 | Oct 17, 2022 |
Independent spending supporting candidates, involving current members
Independent expenditures advocating for individual members. This spending was not coordinated with, received by, or controlled by any member's campaign, and it was certainly not received by the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. It is never added to what a member raised.
$18,808,425 from 32 political committees, involving 10 of the 17 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ALASKANS FOR L.I.S.A. (LEADERSHIP IN A STRONG ALASKA) C00793869 | $4,262,019 | 22.7% | 1 | Lisa Murkowski | 27 | Nov 2, 2022 |
| 2 | ALABAMA CONSERVATIVES FUND C00786152 | $3,305,473 | 17.6% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 27 | Jun 14, 2022 |
| 3 | ALABAMA CHRISTIAN CONSERVATIVES C00782656 | $3,268,077 | 17.4% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 30 | Jun 21, 2022 |
| 4 | WOMEN VOTE! C00473918 | $2,098,689 | 11.2% | 1 | Patty Murray | 8 | Aug 25, 2022 |
| 5 | AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION C00809020 | $1,401,609 | 7.5% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 9 | Jun 10, 2022 |
| 6 | CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. C00608943 | $1,075,000 | 5.7% | 2 | John Kennedy, Lisa Murkowski | 14 | Sep 29, 2022 |
| 7 | ASSOCIATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS AND FIREFIGHTERS, PAC C00622472 | $535,997 | 2.8% | 1 | Susan M. Collins | 380 | Oct 27, 2022 |
| 8 | NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND C00760124 | $425,000 | 2.3% | 2 | Bill Hagerty, John Kennedy | 9 | Nov 8, 2022 |
| 9 | ALABAMA'S FUTURE C00791202 | $357,105 | 1.9% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 4 | Mar 22, 2022 |
| 10 | ALASKANS FOR BRISTOL BAY ACTION C00806075 | $334,033 | 1.8% | 1 | Lisa Murkowski | 82 | Nov 6, 2022 |
Independent spending opposing candidates, involving current members
Independent expenditures advocating against individual members. This spending was not coordinated with, received by, or controlled by any member's campaign or by the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. Money spent against a member is not money that member raised, and the two are never combined.
$11,567,091 from 18 political committees, involving 5 of the 17 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EVERGREEN PRINCIPLES PAC C00819664 | $4,375,866 | 37.8% | 1 | Patty Murray | 26 | Nov 7, 2022 |
| 2 | CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION C00487470 | $2,645,102 | 22.9% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 25 | Apr 27, 2022 |
| 3 | CONSERVATIVE OUTSIDER PAC INC C00748475 | $1,154,957 | 10.0% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 4 | Jun 6, 2022 |
| 4 | ESAFUND C00489856 | $1,043,335 | 9.0% | 1 | Patty Murray | 6 | Nov 4, 2022 |
| 5 | OUR AMERICAN CENTURY C00532630 | $865,789 | 7.5% | 1 | Patty Murray | 2 | Oct 3, 2022 |
| 6 | ALASKA FIRST C00774596 | $797,914 | 6.9% | 1 | Lisa Murkowski | 6 | Oct 26, 2022 |
| 7 | ALABAMA PATRIOTS PAC C00795948 | $175,928 | 1.5% | 1 | Katie Boyd Britt | 3 | May 17, 2022 |
| 8 | GUN RIGHTS AMERICA C00742635 | $104,637 | 0.9% | 1 | Lisa Murkowski | 18 | Nov 2, 2022 |
| 9 | WFW ACTION FUND, INC. C00698936 | $100,000 | 0.9% | 1 | Patty Murray | 2 | Aug 24, 2022 |
| 10 | AMERICAS PAC C00559906 | $90,200 | 0.8% | 1 | Jeanne Shaheen | 1 | Apr 8, 2021 |
Every political committee, one kind of activity at a time
The complete ranked list behind the sections above. Kinds are never merged into one table: a contribution a member received and an independent expenditure a member never received are not the same money, and a single ranking covering both would say they are.
| Rank | Political committee | Amount | Share | Current members involved | Which members | Transactions | Latest activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 126 | AMERICAN AIRLINES INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAPAC) C00107300 | $31,000 | 0.2% | 9 | Bill Hagerty, Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Christopher A. Coons, Deb Fischer, Gary C. Peters, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 16 | Oct 24, 2022 |
| 127 | AMGEN INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00251876 | $31,000 | 0.2% | 5 | Deb Fischer, Jerry Moran, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Shelley Moore Capito | 10 | Oct 14, 2022 |
| 128 | AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00000729 | $30,500 | 0.2% | 6 | Bill Hagerty, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 9 | Nov 8, 2022 |
| 129 | CITIGROUP INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (CITIGROUP PAC-FEDERAL) C00008474 | $30,500 | 0.2% | 8 | Bill Hagerty, Chris Van Hollen, Christopher A. Coons, Gary C. Peters, Jack Reed, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 17 | Sep 26, 2022 |
| 130 | AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD LLP CIVIC ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA AKIN GUMP PAC) C00104901 | $30,250 | 0.2% | 10 | Bill Hagerty, Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Deb Fischer, Gary C. Peters, Jeanne Shaheen, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray, Shelley Moore Capito | 22 | Sep 22, 2022 |
| 131 | AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION C00028860 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 3 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Patty Murray | 6 | Mar 22, 2022 |
| 132 | NEXTERA ENERGY, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00064774 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 5 | Brian Schatz, Jerry Moran, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 13 | Dec 15, 2022 |
| 133 | ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00082917 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski | 9 | Sep 29, 2022 |
| 134 | NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00113811 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 7 | Nov 1, 2022 |
| 135 | FUND FOR A CONSERVATIVE FUTURE C00326082 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski | 6 | Jul 25, 2022 |
| 136 | PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00347195 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Kirsten E. Gillibrand, Patty Murray | 6 | Dec 9, 2022 |
| 137 | THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00350744 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 7 | Bill Hagerty, Chris Van Hollen, Christopher A. Coons, Gary C. Peters, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 10 | Sep 28, 2022 |
| 138 | VISA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00365122 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 7 | Chris Van Hollen, Christopher A. Coons, Gary C. Peters, Jeanne Shaheen, Jerry Moran, Katie Boyd Britt, Patty Murray | 11 | Oct 21, 2022 |
| 139 | THE HAWKEYE PAC C00379479 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 3 | Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Lisa Murkowski | 6 | May 9, 2022 |
| 140 | KEYSTONE AMERICA PAC C00439992 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Kirsten E. Gillibrand, Patty Murray | 9 | Dec 29, 2022 |
| 141 | GRIDIRON-PAC C00451153 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 6 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Deb Fischer, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 8 | Nov 1, 2022 |
| 142 | COMMON SENSE COLORADO C00491936 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 3 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Patty Murray | 9 | Dec 30, 2021 |
| 143 | DAKOTA PAC C00493072 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Bill Hagerty, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski | 6 | Sep 30, 2022 |
| 144 | PSYCHOLOGY PAC OF AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SERVICES INC. C00522094 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 6 | Brian Schatz, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray, Shelley Moore Capito, Susan M. Collins | 10 | Oct 28, 2022 |
| 145 | PINEAPPLE PAC C00539601 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 3 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Patty Murray | 7 | Dec 27, 2021 |
| 146 | NEBRASKA SANDHILLS PAC C00540054 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 3 | John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt, Lisa Murkowski | 6 | Jul 31, 2022 |
| 147 | OORAH! POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00551853 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 4 | Bill Hagerty, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Katie Boyd Britt | 6 | Jun 18, 2022 |
| 148 | NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NEXSTAR PAC) C00567388 | $30,000 | 0.2% | 5 | Brian Schatz, Chris Van Hollen, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Patty Murray | 6 | Jul 15, 2022 |
| 149 | NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND C00760124 | $29,999 | 0.2% | 4 | Bill Hagerty, Jerry Moran, John Kennedy, Lisa Murkowski | 7 | Nov 18, 2021 |
| 150 | ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CORPORATION PAC (ECHOSTAR DISH NETWORK PAC) C00330647 | $29,800 | 0.2% | 5 | Brian Schatz, Deb Fischer, Jerry Moran, Lisa Murkowski, Patty Murray | 11 | Sep 27, 2022 |
What these numbers mean
- The committee received none of this money
- A congressional committee is a body of the House or Senate. It has no bank account, no FEC registration, and no campaign. Everything on this page belongs to the campaigns of the individual people who currently sit on it, or was spent independently about one of them by an outside organization.
- A contribution is not an independent expenditure
- A contribution is money a political committee gave to a member's own campaign committee, which that campaign received and reported. An independent expenditure is money spent about a member without coordinating with them; no campaign received or controlled it. The FEC treats these as different activities, and they are never combined here.
- The cohort is the roster, and the roster changes
- These figures cover whoever sits on the committee as of the roster date in the header. A member joining or leaving changes the cohort and its fingerprint, which is why both are printed: a figure quoted from this page can be checked against the exact roster it came from.
- Cohorts overlap and must not be added
- Members serve on several committees at once. A member's receipts appear in the cohort of every committee they sit on, so adding cohort totals across committees would count the same campaign's money many times over. No page here does that.
- A member is counted once
- Some members hold more than one FEC candidate identity, usually after moving from the House to the Senate. Their campaign is counted once in these totals, exactly as it is on their own page, and duplicate membership records for one person are one seat on the roster.
- Missing is not zero
- A member with no verified FEC identity, no filings for the cycle, or a partially collected record is listed with that reason and left out of every total, ranking, and chart. Treating any of them as zero would understate the cohort and misrepresent the member.
- Where the money went is not why
- A ranking of committees whose money reached members of one congressional committee is a description of filings. It is not evidence of influence, coordination, an agreement, or a reason for any vote, and nothing here is scored, weighted, or ranked to imply one.
Source: Federal Election Commission ↗. MyRepTracker ingests FEC records directly and does not add its own influence, risk, or corruption score.