Environment

The PUBLIC Lands Act designates approximately 1.3 million acres of California public land as wilderness areas, scenic areas, or wild and scenic rivers. It establishes the South Fork Trinity-Mad River Restoration Area (871,414 acres) to improve forest resilience, protect water quality, and reduce wildfire risks through collaborative restoration planning. The bill creates new recreational trails like the Bigfoot National Recreation Trail and designates visitor centers at Trinity Lake and Del Norte County. These designations withdraw the lands from mining, mineral leasing, and other public land disposal while allowing for prescribed fire and limited recreational use.

The Energizing Our Communities Act establishes a new fund using interest from specific Department of Energy loans for large-scale electric transmission projects (over 999 megawatts). It requires payments to host communities - local governments or tribes where transmission lines are built - within 18 months of project construction start. Funds must be split: 80% for community services like schools, broadband, or infrastructure, and 20% for conservation, recreation, or climate resilience projects. The bill mandates annual reports on fund usage and ensures payments supplement existing "payments in lieu of taxes."

This bill extends the deadline for a program under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 from 2024 to 2029. It amends Section 797(a) of that act to reauthorize the existing diesel emissions reduction funding mechanism. The change directly affects the administration of this federal program, which supports projects reducing emissions from diesel engines. No new requirements or policy changes are introduced - only a deadline extension for an existing program.

S 1209, the American Prairie Conservation Act, requires farmers who convert native prairie land (native sod) to cropland to certify this acreage to the USDA before receiving federal crop insurance or disaster assistance benefits. Specifically, producers must submit certified acreage reports using Farm Service Agency forms and maps, and update corrections if changes occur. The USDA must also submit annual reports to Congress starting in 2026, detailing certified tilled native sod acreage by county and state through 2030. This bill directly affects farmers using federal crop insurance or disaster programs who have tilled native prairie land, adding a certification step to benefit eligibility.

HR 5513 amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to expand eligibility for federal subsidies to include specific technology investments by water infrastructure projects. It directly affects water treatment facilities and municipal water systems seeking funding for upgrades. The bill adds software for asset management, operational analysis, and digital construction systems to qualify for subsidies when used to achieve water-efficiency, energy-efficiency, stormwater runoff mitigation, or cost-effective sustainable projects. This change modifies existing subsidy rules to include these digital tools as eligible for funding under the Act.

Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 This bill provides FY2026 appropriations for the Department of the Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and several related agencies. The bill provides appropriations to Interior for the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, the Bureau of Trust Funds Administration, Departmental Offices, and Department-Wide Programs. The bill also provides appropriations to the EPA and the Forest Service. Within the Department of Health and Human Services, the bill provides appropriations for the Indian Health Service, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The bill provides appropriations to several related agencies, including the Council on Environmental Quality and Office of Environmental Quality, the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, the Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Gallery of Art, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Commission of Fine Arts, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. the National Capital Planning Commission, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the U.S. Semiquincentennial Commission. Additionally, the bill sets forth requirements and restrictions for using funds provided by this and other appropriations acts.

S 2128, the MONARCH Act of 2025, establishes a $12.5 million annual fund to support conservation efforts for the western monarch butterfly, which has declined by over 99% in 30 years and faces imminent extinction. The bill creates a grant program providing funding for projects led by local governments, tribal entities, or nonprofits - focusing on restoring milkweed, nectar plants, and habitat across California, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Utah. Grants require project proposals demonstrating clear potential to aid monarch recovery, with mandatory reporting to the public and state legislatures on progress. The law also mandates annual reports to Congress on project outcomes and the implementation of a conservation plan developed by wildlife agencies.

The Resilient Transit Act of 2025 establishes a new federal grant program to fund public transportation resilience projects addressing climate change impacts like flooding, wildfires, and extreme weather. It directs $300 million for fiscal year 2026 to help state and local transit agencies in underserved communities - including low-income areas, communities of color, Tribal communities, and medically underserved regions - improve infrastructure. Eligible projects include installing flood barriers, backup power systems, vulnerability assessments, and climate adaptation planning. Recipients must report annually on how funds are used, with specific focus on projects benefiting communities identified through federal environmental justice mapping tools.

HR 360, the Oyster Reef Recovery Act of 2025, establishes a federal program to conserve and restore oyster reefs through technical and financial assistance. The program provides competitive grants to eligible entities - including state/local governments, nonprofits, educational institutions, and the shellfish industry (defined as growers and harvesters) - to fund restoration projects, monitoring, and workforce training focused on coastal resilience. Grants require applicants to demonstrate projects won’t interfere with commercial fishing or other water uses. The bill authorizes $15 million annually from 2026-2030 for these efforts, while explicitly preserving state and tribal authority over oyster management.

The Manatee Protection Act of 2025 would require the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to officially list the West Indian manatee as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act. This designation would subject the manatee to all federal protections and regulations, including restrictions on activities harming the animals or their critical habitat. The bill directly affects the manatee population and activities in their environment, such as boating, coastal development, and waterway management, which would now require federal permits to avoid harming the species. It mandates a formal listing under existing law rather than creating new protections, ensuring the manatee is legally recognized as endangered for conservation enforcement.