The Vaccine Injury Compensation Modernization Act of 2026 expands the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program by increasing the number of special masters to at least 10, extending their terms, and raising maximum compensation awards to $600,000 for both vaccine-related deaths and pain and suffering. The bill also extends the time limit for filing injury claims from 36 months to 5 years and requires the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to include adults and pregnant women in its annual reports. Additionally, the legislation adds COVID-19 vaccines to the official list of covered vaccines, clarifies rules regarding civil lawsuits for vaccine injuries, and mandates the inclusion of specific vaccines like shingles and RSV in the federal excise tax. To fund these changes, the act raises the vaccine excise tax from 75 cents to $2.20 per dose and requires the Department of Health and Human Services to submit detailed budgets for the compensation programs.
The ORTHO Act directs the Federal Trade Commission to create new rules requiring dentists to perform an in-person examination before providing most dental services or medical devices through teledentistry. This requirement includes exceptions for emergency care, approved public health programs, and specific orthodontic diagnoses that must still be confirmed by an in-person visit and review of X-rays before a patient begins using an appliance. Violations of these rules would be treated as unfair or deceptive practices, allowing both the FTC and state attorneys general to enforce the law through civil penalties and potential damages. The bill also clarifies that states retain the ability to adopt additional regulations that are consistent with these federal standards.
The Safeguard Kids Act amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act to require schools to teach students about the dangers and responsible use of artificial intelligence technologies, including chatbots. It also mandates that schools provide counseling for mental health issues that may arise from a student's use of these AI tools. By adding these specific requirements to existing education funding provisions, the bill directly affects elementary and secondary schools receiving federal support. The legislation defines artificial intelligence chatbots as systems that engage in interactive, natural-language communication with users.
The Medicare-X Choice Act of 2026 creates a new public health plan called the Medicare Exchange health plan, which would be available to individuals and small groups starting in 2028. The bill establishes two dedicated funds to finance the plan's creation and technology updates, appropriating $1 billion each for fiscal year 2027. Under the plan, the government would set premiums to cover full costs, and reimbursement rates for doctors and hospitals would generally match current Medicare rates, with potential increases for rural areas. The legislation also requires health care providers who participate in traditional Medicare to also accept patients in this new plan, while prohibiting insurers from placing additional restrictions on enrollees. Additionally, the bill expands tax credits for people buying insurance, fixes the "family glitch" that currently limits subsidy eligibility for some workers, and authorizes the government to negotiate prices for prescription drugs.
The Secure Drug Supply Chain Act of 2026 aims to protect the U.S. pharmaceutical supply by preventing the importation of counterfeit or unsafe drugs from countries like China and others designated as adversarial. It requires drug manufacturers to report quarterly details about the origins of their active ingredients and key starting materials, specifically highlighting those sourced from China or other foreign countries of concern. The bill also strengthens enforcement by allowing the government to ban imports from facilities using forced labor or violating sanctions, and it mandates the destruction of refused drugs that pose significant public health risks. Additionally, the law establishes new reporting requirements to track supply chain vulnerabilities and directs the Health and Human Services Secretary to issue regulations and guidance to implement these measures.
This bill creates a federal grant program to help mental health professionals work across state lines by supporting interstate agreements that allow licenses to be recognized in multiple states. The funding, totaling $4 million annually from 2026 to 2029, will go to state licensing boards and compact commissions to encourage counselors to practice in areas with these new agreements and to maintain the administrative systems that make them work. By simplifying the licensing process, the legislation aims to expand the availability of mental health services in states that have joined these mutual recognition programs.
The Protecting Access to Spiritual Treatment and Organized Religion Act of 2026 requires healthcare providers receiving Medicare funding to allow designated clergy members to visit patients upon request starting in 2028. This rule applies to facilities offering Medicare services and mandates that clergy adhere to safety protocols set by the Secretary of Health and Human Services. The provision ensures that individuals can receive spiritual support during their care while maintaining established health and safety standards.
The Employer Health Plan Flexibility Act would allow certain employer-sponsored group health plans to opt out of the Affordable Care Act's requirement to cover specific Essential Health Benefits. This exemption applies to plans governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and would take effect for plan years starting on or after January 1, 2028. While exempt from those specific coverage mandates, the bill explicitly states that employers must still comply with other federal rules, including those regarding mental health parity, nondiscrimination, and preventive services. To ensure transparency, employers claiming this exemption must annually inform their employees about the benefits included in their plan and identify any Essential Health Benefits that are not covered.
The Homestake AI Act of 2026 directs the Department of Energy to launch a scientific initiative focused on sequencing the genomes of organisms found in extreme environments, such as deep mines and areas with unique heat or pressure conditions. This program aims to collect biological samples from at least five specific locations, including one deep underground mine, to build a comprehensive database that could lead to new medical treatments for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. The act mandates that all physical samples and data processing occur within the United States to prevent export, while also requiring the construction of a secure, long-term storage facility capable of surviving catastrophic events. Additionally, the legislation establishes a working group to coordinate with international allies and private sector partners to avoid duplicate efforts and create a foundation for receiving industry contributions.
The Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2026 amends federal bankruptcy laws to create a new category called "medically distressed debtor" for individuals whose debt is primarily caused by medical issues, such as illness, injury, or a loss of income due to caring for a sick family member. Under this bill, people in this category would receive special protections, including an additional $250,000 exemption for their primary home or burial plots and a waiver of certain financial tests required to file for Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy. To qualify, a debtor must show that unpaid medical expenses exceeded a specific threshold relative to their income or that their financial situation was directly impacted by a health crisis or national emergency. The legislation also requires debtors to submit a sworn statement detailing their medical costs and ensures that bankruptcy records for these individuals are excluded from their consumer credit reports. These changes apply to bankruptcy cases filed after the law is enacted.
