Criminal Justice

Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 99 (152nd General Assembly) created the Victims’ Bill of Rights Committee (VBR Committee) to perform a comprehensive review of the Victims’ Bill of Rights (VBR) and make recommendations to clarify the VBR, strengthen protections for victims, and ensure that state agencies have the necessary mechanisms, administration, and funding to successfully implement the VBR. To facilitate in-depth review and discussion, the VBR formed the following 4 subgroups: The Victim Safety Subgroup, The Rights of Special Victims Subgroup, The Victims’ Rights to Information and Notification Procedures Subgroup, and the Victims’ Compensation and Administration Subgroup. Like Senate Bill No. 17, Senate Substitute No. 1 for Senate Bill No. 17 revises the Victims’ Bill of Rights and the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program based on the recommendations in the February 27, 2024, Victims’ Bill of Rights Committee Final Report. Senate Substitute No. 1 to SB 17 differs from SB 17 as follows: 1. Revises the definition of "individual with a cognitive disability" to reference the definition of “cognitive disability” in the Criminal Code, consistent with the standards of the Delaware Legislative Drafting Manual. 2. Requires that the summary of the victims’ rights be printed on the last page of the victim’s copy of the initial incident report instead of on the back. 3. Revises the language regarding the rights of victims and witnesses in regard to immigration status. 4. Requires that the notice published in the Register of Regulations under Section 14, that funds have been appropriated to implement the provisions under § 9414(a)(4) of Title 11, be provided by the Executive Director of the Delaware Criminal Justice Information System. Section 1 revises Chapter 94 of Title 11 (“this chapter”), the Victims’ Bill of Rights, by making technical changes for clarity and by adding substantive policy provisions that either codify existing practices or create new rights and responsibilities as follows: Substantive changes that establish the following new rights or responsibilities: 1. To extend these rights to more victims, adds additional offenses to the definition of "crime" for this chapter and includes any offense that is the basis for abuse, domestic violence, or a sexual violence protective order. 2. Adds a complaint process that a victim or witness can use if a law-enforcement agency fails to comply with this chapter. 3. Adds the victim’s or witness’s school to the personal information that must be kept confidential. 4. Provides victims the right to have a victim advocate present, if available, at all proceedings related to the crime. 5. Requires that victim services professionals inform a victim if the victim services professional is required to share information disclosed by the victim that is relevant to the investigation and to whom that information must be disclosed. 6. Provides a right to review portions of recordings derived from body-worn cameras that includes statements made by the victim. 7. Provides a right to make a statement that is separate from the victim-impact statement under the pre-sentence report process. 8. Updates the manner in which victims receive notifications under this chapter by allowing law-enforcement agencies to send notifications electronically and requiring DELJIS to create the mechanism by which law-enforcement agencies can send these notifications by email. Victims will be able to indicate and change their preferred method of contact by law-enforcement agencies, including a preference not to be contacted, and law-enforcement agencies must use the victim’s preferred method of contact when possible. 9. Requires that the Department of Justice create a website where the rights of victims and witnesses under this chapter are explained in a user-friendly manner, in English and in Spanish, and in a format that is as accessible as possible for individuals with disabilities. This website must include information about rights victims or witnesses have under other sections of the Code. 10. Strengthens the annual report requirements for law-enforcement agencies regarding compliance with this chapter by adding specific information that must be included in each report. The individual law-enforcement agency reports must be compiled by the Criminal Justice Council (CJC) into 1 final report and posted on the CJC webpage. 11. Extends to witnesses the current requirement that the court to provide a waiting area for victims that is separate and secure from the defendant, the defendant’s relatives, and defense witnesses. 12. Provides witnesses with the same right to the prompt return of property from law-enforcement that currently exists for victims. 13. Consistent with the notice requirements to victims of an application for parole, requires that notice to be provided to victims of crimes under this chapter when an application is filed for a pardon, including for an adjudication not terminated in favor of the child, or when an application for discretionary expungement of an adjudication not terminated in favor of the child is filed. Substantive changes that codify existing practices: 1. Updates the definition of “law-enforcement agencies” to include police, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Correction, including probation and parole. 2. Expands the definition of “representative of the victim” to include members of the victim’s family if the victim is deceased and the parent, guardian, or custodian of a victim who is unable to meaningfully participate in proceedings. It also clarifies the representative of the victim if the victim or the deceased victim’s sibling is in the custody of the Department of ‘Services for Children, Youth, and their Families. 3. Revises and expands the definition of victim services to include the broad array of assistance that is available to victims of crime. 4. States that the remedy for a victim or witness if a law-enforcement agency fails to comply with this chapter is to file a writ of mandamus under § 564 of Title 10. 5. Provides victims and witnesses the right to express safety concerns while attending proceedings at court and to request reasonable measures to ensure their safety, including modifications to standard practices, policies, and procedures. 6. Provides the right for immigrant victims and witnesses not to be detained by law enforcement or turned over to federal immigration authorities unless there is a judicial warrant. 7. Requires that the Delaware Criminal Justice Information System (DELJIS) provide a summary of a crime victim’s rights and information about victim services that is printed on the last page of the victim’s copy of the initial incident report. 8. Repeals the applicability of this chapter to qualifying neighborhood or homeowners’ associations. 9. Requires the Board of Pardons to provide notice of all applications for a pardon to the Superior Court and the Department of Justice. Technical changes: 1. Reorganizes existing provisions so that rights of all victims are in subchapter I. by transferring the rights of victims with cognitive disabilities from subchapter II. 2. Reorganizes existing provisions so that rights of all witnesses are in subchapter II. by transferring the rights of witnesses from subchapter I and correspondingly redesignates subchapter II as the Rights of Witnesses to Crime. The rights provided to victims and witnesses with cognitive disabilities are incorporated in the applicable subchapter. 3. When possible, instead of listing each specific offense included in the definition of “crime”, offenses are included in this definition by subchapter or subpart. 4. Transfers rights applicable to all crime victims under § 9404 through § 9408 of Title 11 to § 9403 of Title 11. 5. Repeals unnecessary definitions and language that repeats rights provided in another section of this chapter or elsewhere in the Code. Sections 2 through 4 revise Chapter 90 of Title 11, the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program, as follows: • Section 2 revises § 9002 of Title 11 to combine funeral and burial expenses into 1 category of pecuniary loss to simplify approval of payments for these expenses. • Section 3 makes corresponding changes to the job title of the victim services personnel who are members of the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program Advisory Council under § 9003 of Title 11 and adds standard language regarding the conduct of meetings by public bodies, including requirements for quorum and when a member designates another individual to attend a meeting. • Section 4 repeals the requirement that unencumbered balances in excess of $6,000,000 in the Victims’ Compensation Fund at the end of each fiscal year be deposited in the General Fund. Section 5 through Section 12 make the following corresponding technical changes to other Code sections to align with Chapter 94 of Title 11: • Section 5 revises § 3512 of Title 11 to contain the exceptions in current § 9407 of Title 11 and reference the definition of “member of the victim’s family” in § 9401 of Title 11. • Section 6 revises § 4331 of Title 11 so it is consistent with the victim’s right to make a statement under § 9406(8)b. of Title 11. Section 6 also repeals the reference to § 4209A of Title 11 that the Revisors have noted in the Code as “[repealed]” because the version of § 4209A that was in the Code when this sentence was enacted in 1991 was repealed in 1989 but this corresponding reference was not repealed. • Sections 7 and 8 revise § 4347 and § 4361 of Title 11 so that the Board of Parole and the Board of Pardons must send notice to victims and witnesses in the manner and under the procedures established in § 9414 of Title 11. • Sections 9 and 10 revise § 1018 of Title 10 and § 4374 of Title 11 so that victims are contacted about petitions for discretionary expungement under the procedures established in § 9414 of Title 11. • Section 11 requires that the regulations adopted by the Police Offer Standards and Training Commission under § 8404 of Title 11 include the victim’s right to review portions of recordings derived from body-worn cameras that include statements made by the victim. • Section 12 increases notice to employers about the current law prohibiting an employer from discharging or disciplining a victim or representative of a victim because the individual participated in the preparation for or attended proceedings by adding a reference to § 9409(a) of Title 11 to § 711(i) of Title 19, which lists unlawful employment practices. Section 13 provides a delayed implementation date to provide the Department of Justice time to create the informational websites for victims and witnesses required under § 9414(c) and (d) of Title 11. Section 14 makes the requirement under § 9414(a)(4) of Title 11 that DELJIS create the mechanism by which law-enforcement agencies can send notifications by email contingent upon an appropriation of the funds necessary to fulfill this requirement and then provides 18 months to implement this requirement. In addition to the recommendations in the Victims’ Bill of Rights Committee Final Report, this Act also revises the membership of the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program Advisory Council, based on suggestions that arose after the conclusion of the VBR Committee’s work, by adding the Child Advocate and an additional member from the mental health profession. This Act also makes additional technical corrections to conform existing law to the standards of the Delaware Legislative Drafting Manual.

Currently, if a child’s criminal case is transferred by the Family Court to Superior Court, or if a child files an application in Superior Court to have their criminal case transferred to Family Court and the Superior Court denies the application, there is no recourse for appeal until the child’s criminal case is finally adjudicated in Superior Court. In State v. Roberts, Del.Supr. 282 A.2nd 603 (1971) the Delaware Supreme Court stated its jurisdiction over such appeals by an accused, may only be by operation of law. This Act permits the child to enter a plea of guilty or nolo contendere and appeal an amenability denial to the Delaware Supreme Court within 30 days of being sentenced by the Superior Court. This Act also prohibits any plea being conditioned on waiving this right of appeal. This Act also clarifies that the Superior Court will not retain jurisdiction over the child if the Supreme Court reverses the Superior Court’s Order. This Act also makes technical corrections to conform with H.B. 115 of the 151st General Assembly, which was enacted into law on November 8, 2021 and prohibited transfers to Superior Court for children under the age of 16 in all but the most serious offenses.

This Act creates the crime of “discharging a firearm at a dwelling, place of worship, vehicle, or place of business.” The offense is a class E felony. The offense contains a provision that provides that a person may not be convicted of both a violation of this section and reckless endangering 1st or 2nd with regard to the same conduct. It also exempts a shooting range from the businesses covered by the statute.

This Act eliminates authorization for a warrantless arrest by a private person in the case of an individual accused in the courts of another state of a felony.

This Act prohibits law-enforcement agencies from entering into agreements with federal immigration enforcement authorities to enforce immigration violations or share immigration enforcement related data. This Act is not intended to prevent a law-enforcement agency from working with the federal government on other public safety efforts.

This Act adds intentional interference with the operation of a school bus to the offense of disorderly conduct. Intentional interference with a school bus may include boarding a school bus and refusing to exit after being lawfully ordered to do so by the school bus driver; wrongfully restricting the movement of a school bus; or threatening the school bus driver, a student, or any passenger entering, leaving, or waiting for a school bus. A student or passenger otherwise authorized to be on the school bus in the ordinary course of business may not be guilty of disorderly conduct for intentional interference with the operation of a school bus. This Act requires a greater than majority vote for passage because § 28 of Article IV of the Delaware Constitution requires the affirmative vote of 2/3 of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly to expand the scope of an existing crime within the jurisdiction of an inferior court.

Reverse-keyword court orders enable the government to obtain technology search data without identifying any specific person as to which there is probable cause to believe they have committed or will imminently commit a crime. The profusion of electronic devices and apps in recent years has allowed recordation of numerous details of citizen’s everyday lives, that the government should not be permitted to collect and review at will. Such general searches allow the government to sweep in personal information about hundreds or thousands of people who are not suspected of having committed any crime. These searches are an invasion of privacy, have a potentially chilling effect on civil liberties, and sidestep requirements for individualized suspicion that are otherwise required for a lawful search. This House Substitute for House Bill No. 145 would prohibit law enforcement and courts from requesting, issuing, or enforcing reverse-keyword court orders and reverse-keyword requests, with the exception that reverse-keyword court orders and requests may be utilized to investigate suspected Class A Felonies so long as the search query returns 5 or fewer search hits. It also requires the suppression of evidence derived from an unlawful reverse-keyword search.

This Act updates Title 11 of the Delaware Code concerning postconviction remedies relating to DNA testing and evidence. Specifically, the Act removes the limitations currently in the Delaware Code (1) that a person convicted of a crime must seek DNA testing within 3 years after the conviction is final and (2) that a person convicted of a crime may not seek DNA testing or a new trial based on DNA evidence if direct appellate review is available. In addition, the Act requires the court to grant a motion for the performance of DNA testing if certain criteria are satisfied. The Act also permits persons who entered a guilty plea, in addition to persons convicted of a crime, to seek DNA testing, and allows for DNA testing where evidence was previously subjected to testing but additional testing of that evidence provides a reasonable likelihood of results that are more probative. The Act changes the standard applicable for a motion for a new trial based on DNA evidence. Instead of requiring a showing by clear and convincing evidence that no reasonable trier of fact would have convicted the person, the under the Act, the court must grant a new trial up a showing of a reasonable probability that there would have been a different outcome or no conviction, had the DNA evidence been presented before or during trial or before the date of entry of a plea. Finally, the Act makes technical corrections to conform existing law to the standards of the Delaware Legislative Drafting Manual. This Act is a substitute for and differs from Senate Bill 57 in that it clarifies that the DNA testing may be performed on evidence secured in relation to the investigation, and is not limited to evidence secured in relation to the trial. In addition, this Act removes a requirement that the movant show that the evidence was not previously subject to testing because the technology for testing was not available at the time of trial. Finally, this Act requires the court to grant a new trial if the standard is satisfied, rather than leaving it to the court's discretion.

This Act requires a peace officer to consider issuing a juvenile civil citation to a qualified juvenile offender who would otherwise be charged only with specified offenses, and requires that if the peace officer decides not to issue a civil citation and instead charges the juvenile with a crime, the peace officer must document the reason in DELJIS. This Act also requires each law enforcement agency to submit an annual report to the Police Officer Standards and Training Commission about its use of juvenile civil citations. Finally, this Act requires that training on the Juvenile Civil Citation Program be included as part of a police officer’s mandatory training every 2 years.

This bill adds a new crime of application insurance fraud under the criminal code to include fraudulent statements submitted in support of an application to obtain or renew insurance or made for purposes of obtaining a commission or other payment from an insurer. This bill makes application-related insurance fraud a class A misdemeanor unless the benefits wrongfully obtained or sought to be obtained is at least $1,000, in which case application insurance fraud is a class G felony.