Energy

Offshore Energy Security Act of 2025 This bill directs the Department of the Interior to conduct two offshore oil and gas lease sales per year for 10 years in the Gulf of Mexico Region Program Area, places a moratorium on oil and gas leases in certain areas, and establishes related requirements. Interior must offer at least 74 million acres for each offshore lease sale in such region. The bill stipulates the terms and conditions of such leases. Interior must also carry out the lease sales in accordance with the Record of Decision approved by Interior on January 17, 2017. Interior may waive certain requirements under the National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program that would delay final approval of those lease sales. In addition, the bill prohibits such lease sales from being invalidated as a result of lawsuits relating to environmental reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. It also limits delays to the lease sales as a result of the lawsuits. Finally, the bill extends through 2035 a moratorium on oil and gas leasing in (1) any area east of the Military Mission Line in the Gulf of Mexico; (2) any area in the Eastern Planning Area that is within 125 miles of Florida's coastline; and (3) certain areas in the Central Planning Area, including specified areas along Florida's coastline. It also places a moratorium through 2035 on oil and gas leasing in the South Atlantic Planning Area or the Straits of Florida Planning Area.

The Energy Emergency Leadership Act (HR 7258) assigns new responsibilities to Assistant Secretaries at the Department of Energy (DOE) for managing energy infrastructure security, emergency response, and resilience. It requires them to handle cybersecurity, supply chain issues, and coordinated planning for energy security threats, risks, and incidents. The bill mandates that the DOE provide technical assistance to states, local governments, tribes, or energy companies upon their request, while working with other federal agencies. This change directly affects the DOE’s internal operations and the entities that can seek federal support during energy emergencies.

HR 1453, the Clean Energy Demonstration Transparency Act of 2025, requires the Department of Energy to submit detailed, publicly available reports on clean energy demonstration projects funded under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. It mandates that within six months of enactment and every six months thereafter, the Secretary must provide Congress and the public with copies of initial contracts, status of project milestones, and any major changes to project scope, funding, or partners. These reports apply to all covered projects administered or supported by the program. The bill aims to increase transparency by standardizing reporting requirements and allowing coordination with existing reporting processes.

This bill (SJRES 91) seeks congressional disapproval of a Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rule authorizing oil and gas leasing in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Coastal Plain. It directly affects the BLM's ability to implement this leasing program by aiming to block the rule under the Congressional Review Act (CRA). The resolution would nullify the rule (issued December 2024) if passed, preventing the BLM from moving forward with leasing activities in the Coastal Plain area. The resolution references a Government Accountability Office opinion confirming the rule qualifies for disapproval under the CRA.

The HOUSE Act of 2025 would repeal a new federal energy efficiency standard for housing projects funded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), reverting to the previous energy efficiency requirements that were in place before the new rule was proposed. It also prohibits the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Federal Housing Finance Agency from implementing similar energy efficiency standards for their housing programs. This bill directly affects new housing developments receiving federal financing from HUD, USDA, VA, or FHFA, allowing them to follow less stringent energy efficiency standards previously required. The change would eliminate the need for builders to meet the updated federal benchmark, shifting compliance back to the older baseline.

The ARC Act of 2026 establishes a $3.6 billion federal program to provide cost certainty for advanced nuclear energy projects seeking loan guarantees under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. It requires qualifying projects to submit detailed cost estimates, schedule risk analyses, and a project delivery plan to demonstrate on-time, on-budget construction. Borrowers cover cost overruns up to 120% of the base cost estimate, after which the program covers up to 30% of that base estimate (capped at $1.2 billion per project). This directly affects advanced nuclear reactor developers and project owners seeking federal loan guarantees, with strict oversight requirements including quarterly progress reviews and annual schedule updates.

The Energy Freedom Act (S 1721) repeals numerous tax credits and incentives for clean energy, energy efficiency, and alternative fuels currently included in the Internal Revenue Code. This bill affects individuals, businesses, and organizations that currently benefit from these credits, including homeowners making energy-efficient home improvements, clean energy producers, and manufacturers of alternative fuels. The legislation specifically eliminates credits for residential and commercial energy efficiency, clean vehicles, renewable energy production, biofuels, and other clean energy technologies. Most provisions will take effect for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025, with some provisions taking effect January 1, 2026.

The REDUCE Act requires Transmission Organizations to allow aggregators (groups that combine customer demand flexibility) to submit bids into organized wholesale electricity markets, specifically for utilities distributing over 4 million megawatt-hours annually. This directly affects large utilities and their customers by enabling new market participation through aggregators. The key mechanism removes state law barriers preventing such aggregators from bidding, mandating FERC to issue rules within 12 months to implement this change. The bill focuses on restructuring market access, not on environmental outcomes or specific energy sources.

This bill directs U.S. representatives at multilateral banks (like the World Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) to advocate for removing restrictions on financing nuclear energy projects that meet U.S. or allied quality standards. It establishes "Nuclear Energy Assistance Trust Funds" at these banks to provide competitive financial and technical support for nuclear projects in borrowing countries, specifically countering non-U.S. financing. The bill applies to countries seeking nuclear energy development and requires annual progress reports for seven years. It includes a 10-year sunset provision, ending all provisions after 2035.

The Offshore Energy Modernization Act of 2025 sets national offshore wind energy production goals of 30 gigawatts by 2030 and 50 gigawatts by 2035, creating a framework for developing offshore renewable energy projects on the outer Continental Shelf. Key provisions require offshore wind developers to meet domestic content requirements (65% U.S.-made components by 2033), establish project labor agreements for construction, and contribute to an Offshore Renewable Energy Compensation Fund that provides payments to affected communities like commercial fishing interests and Tribal groups. The bill establishes an Offshore Power Administration within the Department of Energy to coordinate transmission infrastructure development and requires more efficient environmental reviews while ensuring meaningful Tribal consultation for projects.