Campaign finance of current members

Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee

The Federal Election Commission filings of the people who currently sit on this committee. The committee itself receives no campaign money and files nothing with the FEC.

What this page covers

This page summarizes the campaign finance of the people who currently sit on the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee. It does not represent money received by the committee itself. A congressional committee is not a Federal Election Commission political committee: it has no FEC committee ID, it raises and receives nothing, and it files no campaign reports. Every amount below belongs to an individual member's own campaign, or was spent independently about that member by someone else.

Members serve on several committees at once, so these cohort figures overlap with other committees' and must never be added across them.

Scope of the 2022 cycle cohort for the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee
Committee Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee · Senate committee
Cycle The 2022 two-year federal cycle
Roster as of Sep 26, 2026 Roster fingerprint 98cef137726fe3ce. A committee assignment changing produces a different fingerprint, so a figure quoted from this page can be checked against the roster it was computed from.
Current members 13 eligible · 12 with a complete FEC record · 1 without one 1 filed nothing this cycle. Each is named below with the reason.
Finance coverage Members' reports cover through Dec 31, 2022 at the earliest and Dec 31, 2022 at the latest. Most report through Dec 31, 2022.
Coverage policy Every current member of this committee's roster is counted once, even when they hold more than one FEC candidate identity. Only members with a complete FEC record for the selected cycle contribute an amount; the rest are listed with the reason and are never counted as zero.Every figure is read from the same FEC snapshot each member's own campaign-finance page reads, so a member's row here and their profile cannot disagree.
  • 1 of 13 current members have no complete FEC record for this cycle. They are listed with the reason and are excluded from every total, ranking, and chart rather than counted as zero.

The 13 current members

Every current member of this committee, in the committee's own roster order by default. Selecting a measure below ranks them by it and draws one aligned bar per member on a single shared scale. Only one measure is ever drawn at a time: receipts and cash on hand are different quantities, and putting them on one axis would compare things the filings do not compare.

Campaign finance reported by each current member of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee for the 2022 cycle
Member Party State Role on this committee Total receipts Cash on hand Direct PAC receipts Outside spending supporting Outside spending opposing Coverage
Roger Marshall Republican KS chairman $721,931 $509,776 $177,900 $0 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Amy Klobuchar Democratic MN ex officio $3,758,119 $1,145,387 $191,725 $0 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
John Boozman Republican AR ex officio $6,769,987 $892,220 $2,768,717 $1,845,552 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Michael F. Bennet Democratic CO ranking member $20,720,494 $740,793 $1,296,659 $1,986,823 $6,179,089 Through Dec 31, 2022
Adam B. Schiff Democratic CA member $25,328,093 $21,022,960 $504,150 $0 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Ben Ray Luján Democratic NM member $1,286,093 $584,098 $152,794 $0 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Cindy Hyde-Smith Republican MS member $882,283 $319,586 $103,650 $0 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
John Hoeven Republican ND member $3,320,463 $520,563 $1,362,982 $391,382 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
John Thune Republican SD member $7,547,603 $16,942,233 $2,832,833 $102,000 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Joni Ernst Republican IA member $2,035,244 $973,736 $192,959 $0 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Peter Welch Democratic VT member $5,682,728 $1,991,711 $1,125,875 $1,500 $0 Through Dec 31, 2022
Raphael G. Warnock Democratic GA member $206,593,948 $5,853,836 $2,128,484 $36,615,966 $66,319,368 Through Dec 31, 2022

Members without a complete record for this cycle

These members are counted in the roster and excluded from every total, ranking, and chart above. None of them is treated as having raised nothing: an unlinked member, an unfiled cycle, and a partially collected record are three different facts, and the reason is stated for each.

Current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee without a complete FEC record for the 2022 cycle
Member Party State Why no amounts are shown
James C. Justice Republican WV The FEC published no filings for this member in the 2022 cycle.

Contributions to candidates, involving current members

Money these committees gave to the authorized campaign committees of individual members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee, out of their own funds. Each amount was received and reported by a member's own campaign. None of it was given to the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee, which receives no campaign money and files nothing with the FEC.

$13,687,152 from 1,396 political committees, involving 12 of the 13 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.

Top 10 of 1396 shown $13,687,152 total · $826,790 shown here
Contributions to candidates involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle, ranked by amount
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 DEMOCRACY ENGINE, INC., PAC C00468314 $180,190 1.3% 3 Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 300 Nov 28, 2022
2 DSCC C00042366 $153,600 1.1% 3 Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 3 Jun 29, 2022
3 AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00110338 $70,000 0.5% 8 Adam B. Schiff, Ben Ray Luján, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 15 Oct 17, 2022
4 NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00144766 $70,000 0.5% 6 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch 19 Dec 12, 2022
5 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAJ PAC) C00024521 $65,000 0.5% 5 Adam B. Schiff, Amy Klobuchar, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 14 Dec 8, 2022
6 AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC C00106146 $61,000 0.4% 7 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 22 Oct 20, 2022
7 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00030718 $59,000 0.4% 7 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 18 Oct 12, 2022
8 CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION C00007880 $58,000 0.4% 6 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Raphael G. Warnock 16 Nov 15, 2022
9 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES P E O P L E C00011114 $55,000 0.4% 5 Adam B. Schiff, Amy Klobuchar, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 16 Dec 22, 2022
10 NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00130773 $55,000 0.4% 6 John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 13 Sep 21, 2022
Show all 1,396 in the complete table →

Money forwarded to candidates, involving current members

This money was not given by the committees named below. Each is a conduit: individual donors contributed and earmarked the money, and the conduit transmitted it to members' campaigns. It is kept out of the contributions ranking above because the donors are individuals, not these committees.

$11,443 from 7 political committees, involving 7 of the 13 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.

All 7 shown $11,443 total
Money forwarded to candidates involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle, ranked by amount
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 WINRED C00694323 $3,758 32.8% 3 Cindy Hyde-Smith, John Boozman, Joni Ernst 57 Sep 30, 2022
2 NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA PAC C00079541 $2,900 25.3% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 1 May 4, 2022
3 ACTBLUE C00401224 $2,285 20.0% 3 Adam B. Schiff, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch 9 Dec 13, 2021
4 JSTREETPAC C00441949 $1,500 13.1% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 1 Apr 28, 2022
5 C00418970 C00418970 $1,000 8.7% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 1 Apr 12, 2022
6 NORPAC C00247403 $0 0.0% 1 John Boozman 2 Oct 27, 2021
7 PRO-ISRAEL AMERICA PAC C00699470 $0 0.0% 1 John Boozman 8 Sep 13, 2021

Jointly raised money passed on to participants, involving current members

A joint fundraising committee raises money for several participants at once and passes each one its share. A transfer below is that split arriving at a member's campaign, not a committee choosing to fund that member, and it is never counted as a contribution.

$4,500 from 1 political committee, involving 1 of the 13 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.

1 recipient shown $4,500 total
Jointly raised money passed on to participants involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle, ranked by amount
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 BLUE SENATE CANDIDATE FUND C00744540 $4,500 100.0% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 1 Mar 30, 2022

Reported contributions the registration does not permit, involving current members

These records and these registrations disagree. The FEC's committee-to-candidate records show these amounts reaching members' campaigns from committees whose registration for this cycle does not permit contributing to a candidate committee. Both statements are the FEC's own; MyRepTracker does not know which is wrong, so the amounts are shown here and counted as contributions nowhere on this page.

$1,171 from 1 political committee, involving 1 of the 13 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.

1 recipient shown $1,171 total
Reported contributions the registration does not permit involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle, ranked by amount
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 STRIKE PAC C00765545 $1,171 100.0% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 2 Nov 23, 2022

Independent spending supporting candidates, involving current members

Independent expenditures advocating for individual members. This spending was not coordinated with, received by, or controlled by any member's campaign, and it was certainly not received by the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee. It is never added to what a member raised.

$40,943,223 from 114 political committees, involving 6 of the 13 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.

Top 10 of 114 shown $40,943,223 total · $24,735,195 shown here
Independent spending supporting candidates involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle, ranked by amount
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 GEORGIA HONOR C00763193 $5,661,304 13.8% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 33 Dec 1, 2022
2 BLACKPAC C00609388 $5,259,795 12.8% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 47 Dec 2, 2022
3 LCV VICTORY FUND C00486845 $2,788,795 6.8% 2 Michael F. Bennet, Raphael G. Warnock 32 Nov 20, 2022
4 WORKER POWER PAC FOR GEORGIA C00828533 $2,250,000 5.5% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 1 Nov 29, 2022
5 FAMILY FRIENDLY ACTION PAC C00744920 $1,771,170 4.3% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 20 Nov 28, 2022
6 WORKERS VOTE C00754051 $1,723,727 4.2% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 49 Dec 2, 2022
7 ASIAN AMERICAN ADVOCACY FUND PAC C00739557 $1,506,353 3.7% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 196 Dec 4, 2022
8 CLIMATE POWER ACTION C00817536 $1,431,028 3.5% 2 Michael F. Bennet, Raphael G. Warnock 20 Nov 5, 2022
9 AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION C00809020 $1,215,582 3.0% 1 John Boozman 15 May 16, 2022
10 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS CONGRESSIONAL FUND C00488742 $1,127,440 2.8% 1 Michael F. Bennet 3 Oct 11, 2022
Show all 114 in the complete table →

Independent spending opposing candidates, involving current members

Independent expenditures advocating against individual members. This spending was not coordinated with, received by, or controlled by any member's campaign or by the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee. Money spent against a member is not money that member raised, and the two are never combined.

$72,498,456 from 31 political committees, involving 2 of the 13 current members, in the 2022 cycle. Every share below is a share of that amount and of no other kind of activity.

Top 10 of 31 shown $72,498,456 total · $71,076,011 shown here
Independent spending opposing candidates involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle, ranked by amount
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND C00571703 $45,085,995 62.2% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 52 Nov 29, 2022
2 34N22, INC. C00789339 $5,909,459 8.2% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 51 Dec 1, 2022
3 AMERICAN POLICY FUND C00749085 $5,900,807 8.1% 1 Michael F. Bennet 16 Nov 7, 2022
4 NRSC C00027466 $5,403,627 7.5% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 14 Nov 14, 2022
5 MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC. C00825851 $3,427,518 4.7% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 7 Oct 31, 2022
6 OUR AMERICAN CENTURY C00532630 $1,681,380 2.3% 2 Michael F. Bennet, Raphael G. Warnock 4 Oct 3, 2022
7 AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY ACTION, INC. (AFP ACTION) DBA CVA ACTION AND DBA LIBRE ACTION C00687103 $1,429,592 2.0% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 26 Nov 23, 2022
8 WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC C00530766 $1,132,889 1.6% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 22 Dec 6, 2022
9 AMERICAS PAC C00559906 $584,175 0.8% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 5 Nov 19, 2022
10 RESTORATION PAC C00571588 $520,570 0.7% 1 Raphael G. Warnock 2 Mar 23, 2022
Show all 31 in the complete table →

Every political committee, one kind of activity at a time

The complete ranked list behind the sections above. Kinds are never merged into one table: a contribution a member received and an independent expenditure a member never received are not the same money, and a single ranking covering both would say they are.

Top 25 of 1396 shown $13,687,152 total · $1,509,611 shown here
Every political committee with contributions to candidates involving current members of the Conservation, Forestry, Natural Resources, and Biotechnology Subcommittee in the 2022 cycle
Rank Political committee Amount Share Current members involved Which members Transactions Latest activity
1 DEMOCRACY ENGINE, INC., PAC C00468314 $180,190 1.3% 3 Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 300 Nov 28, 2022
2 DSCC C00042366 $153,600 1.1% 3 Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 3 Jun 29, 2022
3 AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00110338 $70,000 0.5% 8 Adam B. Schiff, Ben Ray Luján, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 15 Oct 17, 2022
4 NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00144766 $70,000 0.5% 6 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch 19 Dec 12, 2022
5 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAJ PAC) C00024521 $65,000 0.5% 5 Adam B. Schiff, Amy Klobuchar, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 14 Dec 8, 2022
6 AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC C00106146 $61,000 0.4% 7 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 22 Oct 20, 2022
7 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00030718 $59,000 0.4% 7 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 18 Oct 12, 2022
8 CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION C00007880 $58,000 0.4% 6 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Raphael G. Warnock 16 Nov 15, 2022
9 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES P E O P L E C00011114 $55,000 0.4% 5 Adam B. Schiff, Amy Klobuchar, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 16 Dec 22, 2022
10 NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00130773 $55,000 0.4% 6 John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 13 Sep 21, 2022
11 THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00193631 $53,721 0.4% 10 Ben Ray Luján, Cindy Hyde-Smith, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Joni Ernst, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock, Roger Marshall 27 Dec 22, 2022
12 AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00024968 $51,500 0.4% 7 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 15 Oct 13, 2022
13 NRSC C00027466 $51,200 0.4% 1 John Boozman 3 Nov 4, 2022
14 THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00039578 $49,500 0.4% 7 Ben Ray Luján, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 14 Nov 30, 2022
15 NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC C00238725 $47,000 0.3% 9 Adam B. Schiff, Ben Ray Luján, Cindy Hyde-Smith, John Boozman, Joni Ernst, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock, Roger Marshall 23 Dec 5, 2022
16 AMERICAN HOTEL AND LODGING ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE ('HOTELPAC') C00001198 $46,400 0.3% 7 Ben Ray Luján, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Roger Marshall 15 Oct 24, 2022
17 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION C00028860 $45,000 0.3% 4 Adam B. Schiff, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 9 Nov 30, 2022
18 DELOITTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00211318 $45,000 0.3% 4 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune 15 Sep 23, 2022
19 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE C00126763 $44,000 0.3% 5 John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Peter Welch, Roger Marshall 11 Oct 17, 2022
20 AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC) C00010868 $43,500 0.3% 8 Adam B. Schiff, Cindy Hyde-Smith, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 13 Nov 2, 2022
21 PERIMETER PAC C00544254 $42,500 0.3% 4 Amy Klobuchar, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 12 Dec 2, 2022
22 AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC C00035451 $42,000 0.3% 7 Adam B. Schiff, John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 22 Oct 6, 2022
23 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC C00029447 $41,000 0.3% 6 Adam B. Schiff, Ben Ray Luján, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 12 Aug 24, 2022
24 THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (ACRE) C00002972 $40,500 0.3% 5 John Boozman, John Hoeven, John Thune, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch 11 Sep 13, 2022
25 CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS C00001016 $40,000 0.3% 4 Adam B. Schiff, Michael F. Bennet, Peter Welch, Raphael G. Warnock 8 Nov 15, 2022
Showing 1 to 25 of 1,396 political committees
1 2 3 … 56 Next

What these numbers mean

The committee received none of this money
A congressional committee is a body of the House or Senate. It has no bank account, no FEC registration, and no campaign. Everything on this page belongs to the campaigns of the individual people who currently sit on it, or was spent independently about one of them by an outside organization.
A contribution is not an independent expenditure
A contribution is money a political committee gave to a member's own campaign committee, which that campaign received and reported. An independent expenditure is money spent about a member without coordinating with them; no campaign received or controlled it. The FEC treats these as different activities, and they are never combined here.
The cohort is the roster, and the roster changes
These figures cover whoever sits on the committee as of the roster date in the header. A member joining or leaving changes the cohort and its fingerprint, which is why both are printed: a figure quoted from this page can be checked against the exact roster it came from.
Cohorts overlap and must not be added
Members serve on several committees at once. A member's receipts appear in the cohort of every committee they sit on, so adding cohort totals across committees would count the same campaign's money many times over. No page here does that.
A member is counted once
Some members hold more than one FEC candidate identity, usually after moving from the House to the Senate. Their campaign is counted once in these totals, exactly as it is on their own page, and duplicate membership records for one person are one seat on the roster.
Missing is not zero
A member with no verified FEC identity, no filings for the cycle, or a partially collected record is listed with that reason and left out of every total, ranking, and chart. Treating any of them as zero would understate the cohort and misrepresent the member.
Where the money went is not why
A ranking of committees whose money reached members of one congressional committee is a description of filings. It is not evidence of influence, coordination, an agreement, or a reason for any vote, and nothing here is scored, weighted, or ranked to imply one.

Source: Federal Election Commission ↗. MyRepTracker ingests FEC records directly and does not add its own influence, risk, or corruption score.