The El Salvador TPS Act of 2026 requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to grant Temporary Protected Status (TPS) to individuals from El Salvador. This designation would remain in effect until a date 18 months after September 9, 2026. The bill directly affects eligible residents of El Salvador by providing them with legal protection and work authorization during this specified period.
The Afghanistan TPS Act of 2026 grants Temporary Protected Status to Afghan nationals who have been continuously present in the United States since the bill's enactment, providing them with legal protection and work authorization until July 1, 2029. To qualify, applicants must register with biometric data and pass criminal and national security background checks, while the Department of Homeland Security is required to process these applications within 90 days, subject to a potential extension for specific security concerns. The legislation also allows recipients to apply for waivers on filing fees and permits brief international travel in cases of emergency or extenuating circumstances.
This bill creates a new visa category that allows U.S. states to sponsor foreign nationals to come to the United States temporarily to work, invest capital, or contribute to local economic development. Under this program, a state must first get approval from the federal government to run its own specific rules regarding how these workers are employed and where they live, which can last for up to three years. The legislation requires these sponsored workers to pass background checks, pay bonds if their state chooses, and strictly adhere to the sponsoring state's regulations, with federal penalties including revocation of work authorization and removal for violations. Additionally, the bill includes provisions that generally exclude these workers from receiving federal means-tested benefits and establishes a system where states can adjust their future visa quotas based on how well they comply with program requirements.
The Temporary Protected Status Review Act restores the ability of courts to review decisions by the Department of Homeland Security to end Temporary Protected Status (TPS) designations for foreign nationals. Under this bill, the government must publish detailed written findings explaining why a country no longer qualifies for TPS protection, and these decisions would be subject to a legal challenge in federal court. If a TPS designation is terminated, the affected individuals would remain in the United States with their current status and work authorization intact while the legal challenge is pending. Additionally, the legislation requires the government to follow specific administrative procedures, such as considering all available evidence and avoiding bias, before making any termination decisions.
The Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act of 2026 allows nationals of Haiti and their immediate family members who have lived continuously in the United States since June 26, 2024, to apply for permanent resident status. To qualify, applicants must submit their request within three years of the bill's enactment and generally cannot have been convicted of aggravated felonies, multiple crimes of moral turpitude, or acts of persecution. The bill also permits eligible individuals with existing deportation orders to apply without first overturning those orders and grants them work authorization while their applications are pending. Additionally, the legislation ensures that granting permanent residence to these applicants does not reduce the number of available immigrant visas for other categories.
The OPT Fair Tax Act modifies federal tax and Social Security rules to exempt Optional Practical Training (OPT) from being classified as employment for F-1 student visa holders. By amending the Internal Revenue Code and the Social Security Act, the bill ensures that students participating in OPT do not have to pay Social Security or Medicare taxes during their training periods. This change directly affects international students in the United States who are completing practical work experience related to their field of study. The legislation applies to all services performed after the date the bill is enacted.
The Northern Mariana Islands Workforce Improvement Act modifies immigration rules to allow certain long-term workers to stay longer in the region. Specifically, it permits aliens who began working there in 2015 and returned in two subsequent years between 2016 and 2019 to receive three-year work permits instead of the standard one-year limit. These extended permits can be renewed for additional three-year periods, but they still count toward the annual cap on foreign workers. The changes apply to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and take effect as if included in a previous law from 2018.
This bill establishes Temporary Protected Status for Iranian nationals currently in the United States who are unable to safely return home due to ongoing armed conflict and human rights abuses, while also addressing legal hardships caused by a government-imposed pause on processing their immigration applications. It defines eligible individuals as those lawfully present in the U.S. since December 2025 who have pending applications for status changes or work authorization that were delayed by this pause, excluding government officials or those with ties to the Iranian regime. Under the legislation, the Department of Homeland Security must grant these individuals temporary legal status and work authorization for an initial 18-month period, with automatic extensions if the processing delay continues, ensuring they do not accrue unlawful presence or face penalties for the government-caused backlog.
The New Pathways Act requires the Bureau of Prisons to provide returning federal prisoners with essential identification and documents before their release. For U.S. citizens, the bill mandates that the agency issue a photo ID card and secure necessary proof of citizenship and a Social Security card, even if the prisoner lacks the paperwork to obtain them themselves. Noncitizens eligible for work and residence will receive assistance in getting their immigration status documents and employment authorization. Additionally, the act ensures that individuals released directly from prison without prior custody receive help from the Probation System to create a plan for their reentry into society.
This bill aims to make permanent the rules for Optional Practical Training, which allows international students to work in the United States after completing their studies. It directly affects F-1 visa holders by codifying their ability to gain up to 24 months of work experience related to their field of study, or up to 48 months if they studied science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. The legislation also directs the Department of Homeland Security to classify nursing as a STEM field, thereby extending the longer work authorization period to nursing graduates. By adding these provisions to federal law, the bill ensures that these work opportunities remain consistent and legally defined for future students.
