Environment (Public Lands)

This bill establishes the Malheur County Grazing Management Program, allowing ranchers to adjust grazing schedules and water placement with written notice to improve ecological health on federal lands. It creates the Malheur C.E.O. Group, an 18-member advisory body representing ranching interests, environmental groups, tribal representatives, and government agencies to develop and monitor projects. The bill designates approximately 1.1 million acres of federal land as wilderness areas and transfers specific parcels to the Burns Paiute Tribe. The program requires monitoring plans, annual reports, and consultation with stakeholders to balance ecological health with grazing uses.

This bill amends federal law to prevent the expansion or creation of new national monuments in Arizona without explicit Congressional approval. Specifically, it modifies a provision in the U.S. Code (Section 320301 of Title 54) to add Arizona to the list of states where such monument actions require Congress to act first. The change directly affects Arizona's federal land management, limiting the President's authority to unilaterally establish or expand national monuments within the state. It does not alter existing monuments but ensures future actions require legislative consent.

HR 5392, the Northern Arizona Protection Act, nullifies President Biden's August 2023 proclamation creating the Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni-Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument in Arizona. It prohibits the future designation or extension of national monuments within the specific area shown on the August 2023 map without explicit congressional approval. This bill directly affects federal land management in that region by blocking monument designations under the Antiquities Act without Congress authorizing them.

This bill clarifies rules for using existing water infrastructure to recharge aquifers. It allows states, tribes, public entities, or non-profits to use pre-existing rights-of-way, easements, or permits (like canals built before 1976) for aquifer recharge without new federal permits, provided they give 30 days' notice to the Bureau of Land Management. Non-profits using these existing resources are exempt from paying extra rent to the federal government, but for-profit entities or uses are not. The bill also waives certain environmental regulations (like the Clean Water Act) for these specific recharge activities and permits modifying existing infrastructure.

This bill requires energy-related federal agencies to set expiration dates for their regulations. It applies to agencies like the Department of Energy, Bureau of Land Management, and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. All current regulations must expire within one year of the bill's passage, while new regulations must expire within five years unless the agency gets a waiver by proving the rule has a "net deregulatory effect." Agencies can extend expirations only after public comment and by demonstrating the rule's benefits, but each extension is limited to five years.

Supporting Made in America Energy Act This bill requires oil and natural gas lease sales that include certain public land and waters, prohibits lease sales in other areas, and establishes related requirements. Beginning in FY2025, the Department of the Interior must conduct a minimum of four onshore lease sales annually in each state that has federal land available for oil and natural gas leasing. If a lease sale is canceled, delayed, or deferred, Interior must conduct a replacement sale during the same year.  Beginning in FY2026, Interior must conduct a minimum of two offshore, region-wide lease sales annually in the Gulf of Mexico Region of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) by specified dates. The sales must include the Central Gulf of Mexico Planning Area and the Western Gulf of Mexico Planning Area. Interior must also conduct a minimum of six offshore lease sales of at least 1 million acres each over a 10-year period in the Cook Inlet Planning Area. The bill sets a 12.5% royalty rate for such leases. Interior must plan and approve the subsequent OCS oil and gas leasing programs by specified deadlines. The bill extends through 2035 a moratorium on oil and gas leasing in certain eastern and central portions of the Gulf of Mexico and expands the moratorium to include the South Atlantic Planning Area and the Straits of Florida Planning Area. The bill also requires the President to obtain congressional approval before impeding or circumventing certain federal energy mineral leasing processes.

HR 6864, the SAW Act, prohibits using motor vehicles to intentionally hunt, pursue, or kill mammalian predators (like coyotes or wolves) on federal land. It directly affects hunters or recreational users operating vehicles on federal lands, with penalties including fines up to $10,000 or up to 5 years in prison for violations. An exception allows use of vehicles for self-defense or to prevent injury to others. The Secretary of the Interior enforces the law, with authority to investigate violations and coordinate with federal, state, and local law enforcement. The law excludes tribal trust lands and defines "motor vehicle" broadly to include snowmobiles, vehicles, and watercraft.

This bill funds research at land-grant universities to study how grazing by hoofed animals (like cattle or deer) can reduce wildfire risks on public and private lands. It directs grants for developing grazing techniques that lower fire fuels, aid post-fire recovery, and protect soil, water, and native plants - while avoiding invasive species spread or erosion. Key research areas include rotational grazing, managed stocking rates, and water point management. The findings will be shared through educational materials and outreach to help landowners and managers adopt these practices. The bill focuses on research, not direct land management changes.

The WaterSMART Access for Tribes Act amends federal law to improve access to water infrastructure funding for Indian Tribes. It allows the Secretary of the Interior to reduce or waive a tribe's required cost share for water projects if the tribe faces financial hardship. This directly affects tribes receiving WaterSMART grants, making it easier for them to secure federal funding for essential water management improvements without bearing excessive upfront costs. The change modifies existing cost-sharing rules under the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009.

This bill streamlines geothermal exploration on federal lands by defining small-scale "geothermal exploration projects" (e.g., limited drilling with <8 acres disturbance, <180 days duration, and 3-year land restoration). It exempts such projects from major federal environmental reviews under NEPA, requires leaseholders to provide 30-day notice before drilling, and establishes "geothermal leasing priority areas" on eligible federal land. The Secretary must designate these priority areas within 3 years (considering economic viability and transmission access), review them every 5 years, and use programmatic environmental reviews for future leasing. The bill directly affects geothermal leaseholders and federal agencies managing public lands, reducing regulatory hurdles for initial exploration while creating a structured framework for future leasing.