Education (Higher Education)

SCR 1044 is a proposed constitutional amendment (not yet law) that would establish annual spending limits for Arizona school and community college districts. It requires the Economic Estimates Commission to calculate each year's spending cap based on 1979-80 local revenue spending, adjusted for student population and cost of living. The amendment defines "local revenues" broadly (excluding bonds, federal grants, tuition, and certain other funds) and would prohibit districts from exceeding these caps without a legislative exception approved by a two-thirds vote. This would directly affect all Arizona public school and community college districts by limiting their annual spending on local funds.

SB 1306 expands Arizona's Empowerment Scholarship Account (ESA) program to allow more families to use public funds for private education. It adds new eligibility requirements: students must either attend public school full-time for most of the prior year (with a transfer agreement) or provide proof of family income below $200,000 (adjusted annually after 2027). The bill specifies that ESA funds can cover tuition at qualified schools, textbooks, educational therapies, tutoring, online programs, standardized tests, and postsecondary costs, but prohibits using funds for school tuition organizations concurrently. This directly affects Arizona families with school-aged children meeting the income or attendance criteria, starting in 2027.

This proposed constitutional amendment would establish annual spending limits for Arizona school districts based on adjusted 1979-1980 spending levels, adjusted for student population growth and inflation. The limit is calculated as 1.10 times the adjusted baseline amount, prohibiting districts from exceeding this cap using local revenues (excluding specific exempted funds like federal grants, bond proceeds, and self-supporting school services). Districts could exceed the limit only if the legislature passes a two-thirds vote concurrent resolution. The measure directly affects all public school districts and community college districts in Arizona by constraining their local budget flexibility.

HCR 2027 would change Arizona's rules for determining in-state tuition eligibility at public universities and community colleges. To qualify as an in-state student for tuition purposes starting July 1, 2027, students must have completed at least two years of K-12 education in Arizona (in public, private, or homeschool settings, or via an Arizona scholarship program), graduated from an Arizona high school or earned an Arizona high school equivalency diploma, and be a U.S. citizen, legal resident, or hold lawful immigration status. Community colleges would be required to deny in-state tuition rates to students who do not meet these new criteria. The bill is a voter-approved measure, currently awaiting approval in the next general election.

SB 1423 terminates Arizona's participation in the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) effective July 1, 2036, ending the state's ability to use WICHE agreements for graduate and professional education. This affects Arizona students and institutions that currently rely on WICHE to access out-of-state graduate programs at reduced tuition rates. The bill sets a specific end date for WICHE operations in Arizona, with related legal sections repealed on January 1, 2037, and applies retroactively from July 1, 2026. The legislation does not create new programs but formally ends Arizona's involvement in this regional higher education compact.