SB 301 Virginia Senate · 2026 Regular Session

Exemptions from garnishment; minimum protected account balance, certain benefit payments.

Summary
Exemptions from garnishment; minimum protected account balance; certain benefit payments; procedure for financial institutions. Requires certain financial institutions to automatically exempt from garnishment (i) a minimum protected account balance, defined in the bill as the combined total of not more than $1,000 in a judgment debtor's account or across multiple accounts in the same financial institution, and (ii) a protected amount of certain benefit payments, defined in the bill, that have been deposited into the account via direct deposit or electronic deposit within the two months immediately preceding the day before a financial institution commences an account review. The bill describes an account review as a process of examining an account of a judgment conducted by a financial institution upon such financial institution's receipt of a garnishment summons to determine if any eligible benefit payments have been deposited within the applicable time period and, if so, to calculate the total sum of such benefit payments and establish the total as a protected amount that shall be automatically exempt from garnishment. The bill provides that such procedure to automatically exempt such funds shall not apply if the debt arises from a child support or spousal support obligation or if an exemption is otherwise prohibited by law.The bill further provides that a judgment debtor is not required to claim nor request a hearing for such automatic exemptions. Finally, the bill makes updates to the relevant provisions governing garnishment proceedings, notices to the garnishee and judgment debtor, and the form of a garnishment summons consistent with the provisions of the bill. This bill is identical to HB 601.
Bill status signed all 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Jan 2026
Committee Review
Feb 2026
Senate Passage
Feb 2026
House of Delegates Passage
Feb 2026
Signed into Law
Apr 2026
Introduced Jan 13, 2026 Signed Apr 13, 2026
Maddy AI version diff · 3 comparisons

What changed between versions

Enrolled Chaptered · 5 edits
MODERATE
This bill updates Virginia's garnishment laws to protect more money in bank accounts and benefit payments from being seized by creditors. It establishes a new $1,000 minimum protected balance in bank accounts and requires financial institutions to automatically identify and shield specific benefit payments (like unemployment and child support) deposited into accounts within the last two months. The bill also clarifies rules for serving legal notices and simplifies the forms used to start garnishment proceedings.
Scope change
The bill expands the scope of protection to include a new minimum protected account balance for all bank accounts and mandates automatic identification of exempt benefit payments by financial institutions, rather than requiring the debtor to manually claim these exemptions.
REQUIREMENT

Financial institutions must now conduct an 'account review' to automatically identify and protect benefit payments (such as unemployment, public assistance, and workers' compensation) deposited into an account within the two months prior to the review.

A new minimum protected account balance of $1,000 has been established, which cannot be garnished regardless of the account holder's income or debt status.

The garnishment summons form has been updated to include new checkboxes for support obligations and specific instructions regarding the maximum portion of disposable earnings that can be seized.

TIMELINE

The $1,000 minimum protected account balance is set to be adjusted every three years starting April 1, 2027, based on changes in the Consumer Price Index.

DEFINITION

New definitions for 'account review' and 'protected amount' have been added to clarify how financial institutions must identify and shield specific benefit payments.

Floor votes · Senate Feb 10, 2026 · House of Delegates Feb 23, 2026

How they voted

390
Passed
Total votes 39
Feb 10, 2026
D Democratic20
20 Yea
100% Yea
R Republican19
19 Yea
100% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
27
Key actions
11
Committee
6
Amendments
2
Apr 13, 2026
Signed into law
Approved by Governor-Chapter 638 (effective 7/1/2026)
executive
Feb 24, 2026
Upper · Passed
Signed by President
upper
Feb 24, 2026
Lower · Passed
Signed by Speaker
lower
Feb 24, 2026
Upper · Passed
Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB301ER)
upper
Feb 23, 2026
Lower · Passed
Passed House (81-Y 15-N 0-A)
lower
Feb 18, 2026
Lower · Passed
Reported from Courts of Justice (18-Y 4-N)
lower
Feb 17, 2026
Committee
Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
lower
Feb 12, 2026
Upper · Passed
Read third time and passed Senate (21-Y 19-N 0-A)
upper
Feb 11, 2026
Introduced
Engrossed by Senate as amended (Voice Vote)
upper
Feb 11, 2026
Upper · Passed
Courts of Justice Amendments agreed to
upper
Feb 10, 2026
Upper · Passed
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
upper
Feb 9, 2026
Upper · Passed
Reported from Courts of Justice with amendments (8-Y 6-N)
upper
Feb 9, 2026
Upper · Passed
Senate committee offered
upper
Jan 26, 2026
Committee
Rereferred from Commerce and Labor to Courts of Justice (15-Y 0-N)
upper
Jan 13, 2026
Committee
Referred to Committee on Commerce and Labor
upper
1 primary · 0 co-sponsors

Sponsors

Role
Legislator
Party
State
District
P
Photo of Schuyler VanValkenburg
Schuyler VanValkenburg
DDemocratic
VA
16