Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause.
Summary
Synthetic digital content; penalty; work group. Expands the applicability of provisions related to defamation, slander, and libel to include synthetic digital content, defined in the bill. The bill makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor for any person to use any synthetic digital content for the purpose of committing any criminal offense involving fraud, constituting a separate and distinct offense with punishment separate and apart from any punishment received for the commission of the primary criminal offense. The bill also authorizes the individual depicted in the synthetic digital content to bring a civil action against the person who violates such prohibition to recover actual damages, reasonable attorney fees, and such other relief as the court determines to be appropriate. The bill directs the Attorney General to convene a work group to study and make recommendations on the current enforcement of laws related to the use of synthetic digital content, including deepfakes, and any further action needed to address the issue of such use in fraudulent acts. The substantive provisions of the bill do not become effective unless reenacted by the 2026 Session of the General Assembly and the provisions directing the Attorney General to convene a work group become effective in due course. This bill is identical to SB 1053.
Bill status
signed
all 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Jan 2025
Committee Review
Feb 2025
House of Delegates Passage
Feb 2025
Senate Passage
Feb 2025
Signed into Law
Mar 2025
Introduced Jan 7, 2025
Signed Mar 24, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 2 comparisons
What changed between versions
Enrolled
→
Chaptered
·
2 edits
MINOR
This bill was formally enacted into law as Chapter 398 of the 2025 Virginia Acts of Assembly. The substantive policy content remains unchanged from the enrolled version, with only formatting adjustments and the addition of official chapter information. The law establishes penalties for using synthetic digital content (like deepfakes) in criminal fraud, creates a civil liability option for individuals depicted in such content, and requires the Attorney General to form a work group to study enforcement issues.
Scope change
No substantive scope change; the bill's applicability and provisions remain identical to the enrolled version.
TECHNICAL
Added official chapter designation (Chapter 398), approval date (March 24, 2025), and formatting adjustments typical of enacted legislation.
Inserted blank lines and spacing adjustments for publication formatting.
Floor votes · Senate Feb 11, 2025 · House of Delegates Jan 31, 2025
How they voted
40–0
Passed
Total votes 40
Feb 11, 2025
D
Democratic21
100% Yea
R
Republican19
100% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea
All Nay
Mixed
No data
Full legislative history
Actions timeline
Total actions
30
Key actions
12
Committee
6
Amendments
4
Mar 24, 2025
Signed into law
Approved by Governor-Chapter 398 (Effective - see bill )
executive
Feb 22, 2025
Upper · Passed
Signed by President
upper
Feb 19, 2025
Lower · Passed
Signed by Speaker
lower
Feb 19, 2025
Lower · Passed
Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB2124ER)
lower
Feb 14, 2025
Lower · Passed
Senate Amendment agreed to by House (Y-88 N-7 A-0)
lower
Feb 12, 2025
Upper · Passed
Passed Senate with amendment (39-Y 0-N)
upper
Feb 12, 2025
Introduced
Engrossed by Senate as amended
upper
Feb 12, 2025
Upper · Passed
Courts of Justice Amendment agreed to
upper
Feb 12, 2025
Introduced
Reading of amendment waived
upper
Feb 11, 2025
Upper · Passed
Passed by for the day
upper
Feb 10, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reported from Courts of Justice with amendment (15-Y 0-N)
upper
Feb 3, 2025
Committee
Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
upper
Jan 31, 2025
Lower · Passed
Read third time and passed House (87-Y 9-N)
lower
Jan 27, 2025
Lower · Passed
Reported from Communications, Technology and Innovation (20-Y 2-N)
lower
Jan 22, 2025
Lower · Passed
Subcommittee recommends reporting (9-Y 1-N)
lower
Jan 16, 2025
Committee
Assigned CT & I sub: Technology and Innovation
lower
Jan 7, 2025
Committee
Referred to Committee on Communications, Technology and Innovation
lower
1 primary · 3 co-sponsors
Sponsors
Role
Legislator
Party
State
District
P
Michelle Maldonado
DDemocratic
Co
Elizabeth Bennett-Parker
DDemocratic
Co
Irene Shin
DDemocratic
Co
Jackie Glass
DDemocratic
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