Emergency Response Authority Act

This bill allows state governors to temporarily assign National Guard members on Active Guard and Reserve duty to respond to state disasters, with Defense Secretary approval. It limits this "State disaster response duty" to 14 days per member yearly (extendable to 60 days for catastrophic events), requires states to reimburse the military for costs, and clarifies that Guard members performing this duty are not considered federal agents for liability purposes. The law directly affects state governors, National Guard members, and state governments managing disaster response funding. Key provisions include strict time limits, mandatory state reimbursement, and liability protections to ensure state control over Guard deployment during emergencies.