Smarter Weather Forecasting for Water Management, Farming, and Ranching Act of 2025

This bill, S 324, amends the Food Security Act to fund two pilot projects improving longer-range weather forecasts for water management and agriculture. It directly affects water managers in the western U.S. and farmers/ranchers nationwide by targeting specific scientific challenges like predicting mountain precipitation, atmospheric rivers, soil moisture, and seasonal weather patterns. Key mechanisms include authorizing $45 million annually (2025-2029) for NOAA to establish these pilots, requiring collaboration with universities and NOAA centers, and setting measurable goals for forecast accuracy. The projects must address defined scientific gaps, such as improving model resolution for mountain terrain or agricultural drought forecasting, with authority ending after five years.