HR 4090 United States House · 119th Congress

Critical Mineral Dominance Act

HR 4090, the Critical Mineral Dominance Act, aims to boost U.S. production of hardrock minerals (like rare earths, base metals, and gemstones) to strengthen domestic supply chains and national security. It requires the Secretary of the Interior to submit a 90-day report analyzing the economic impact of mineral import reliance, prioritize expedited permitting for mining projects on federal land, and review regulations to remove barriers to mineral development. The bill also mandates annual reports identifying federal lands with mineral potential and accelerates geologic mapping to locate new deposits. These provisions directly affect mining companies, federal land managers, and supply chain security efforts, focusing on concrete policy actions rather than outcomes.

Issues: ✗ Environment

Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared

Introduction

Jun 2025

Committee Review

Jul 2026

House Passage

Feb 2026

Senate Passage

President

Introduced Jun 23, 2025 Last action Jul 15, 2026

Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced in House → Engrossed in House · 5 edits · Feb 4, 2026

MODERATE

The Engrossed version of HR 4090 adds a short title (Critical Mineral Dominance Act), expands the definition of hardrock mineral to include 'industrial minerals' instead of just 'industrial metals,' adds coal ash and other coal byproducts as a qualifying activity for priority projects, requires a new report on barriers to byproduct production, and adds a definition for 'mining project.' These changes broaden the bill's scope to cover more types of mineral materials and create additional reporting obligations.

Scope change

The bill's scope expanded in two ways: (1) the definition of hardrock mineral now covers industrial minerals broadly rather than just industrial metals, and (2) priority projects now include those producing hardrock minerals from coal ash and other coal byproducts, bringing waste-stream recovery into the bill's ambit.

SCOPE

A short title was added naming the act the 'Critical Mineral Dominance Act,' shifting all section numbers by one.

A new item (4) was added to the list of qualifying activities for priority projects: 'produce hardrock minerals from coal ash and other coal byproducts.' This expands the types of projects eligible for expedited approval.

DEFINITION

The definition of 'hardrock mineral' was changed from 'industrial metals' to 'industrial minerals,' which is a broader category that includes non-metallic industrial minerals like sand, gravel, and clay.

A new definition for 'mining project' was added: a project that involves the exploration for or development, extraction, or processing of a hardrock mineral.

REQUIREMENT

A new subsection 3(c) requires the Secretary to submit a report within one year on barriers to byproduct production from mining projects on Federal land, including recommendations to Congress on how to reduce those barriers.

Floor votes · House Feb 4, 2026

How they voted

224–195

Passed · 13 other

Total votes 432

Feb 4, 2026

D Democratic214

10 Yea 194 Nay 10

90% Nay

I Independent1

1 Yea

100% Yea

R Republican217

213 Yea 1 Nay 3

98% Yea

Vote distribution

All Yea All Nay Mixed No data

Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions

Key actions

Committee

Amendments

Jul 15, 2026

Upper · Passed

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Hearings held.

upper

Feb 5, 2026

Committee

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

upper

Feb 4, 2026

Lower · Passed

On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 224 - 195 (Roll no. 55). (text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H1994)

lower

Feb 4, 2026

Lower · Passed

Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 224 - 195 (Roll no. 55). (text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H1994)

lower

Feb 4, 2026

Lower · Passed

Ms. Leger Fernandez moved to recommit to the Committee on Natural Resources. (text: CR H2002)

lower

Feb 4, 2026

Introduced

Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 142 and H.R. 4090. The resolution provides for consideration of the Senate amendments to H.R. 7148. Also, the resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 142 and H.R. 4090 under a closed rule and provides for one motion to recommit H.R. 4090.

lower

Feb 3, 2026

Lower · Passed

Rule H. Res. 1032 passed House.

lower

Feb 3, 2026

Lower · Passed

Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 1032 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 142 and H.R. 4090. The resolution provides for consideration of the Senate amendments to H.R. 7148. Also, the resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 142 and H.R. 4090 under a closed rule and provides for one motion to recommit H.R. 4090.

lower

Nov 25, 2025

Lower · Passed

Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 119-387.

lower

Sep 17, 2025

Introduced

Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 26 - 16.

lower

Sep 17, 2025

Lower · Passed

Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

lower

Sep 17, 2025

Lower · Passed

Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources Discharged

lower

Sep 3, 2025

Lower · Passed

Subcommittee Hearings Held

lower

Jul 2, 2025

Committee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources.

lower

Jun 23, 2025

Committee

Referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources.

lower

Jun 23, 2025

Introduced

Introduced in House

lower

1 primary · 2 co-sponsors