To amend the Clean Air Act with respect to the ethanol waiver for Reid Vapor Pressure under that Act, and for other purposes.

The act title changed from 'Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2025' to 'Year-Round E15 and RFS Reform,' and all self-referential citations were replaced with references to the 'Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026,' signaling the bill is being incorporated into a larger farm bill rather than standing alone.

The Reid Vapor Pressure provision now limits which states receive the relaxed RVP standard: only those whose governor submitted notification after January 1, 2022 and before enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026. Previously it covered any state that notified before this act's enactment date.

A new exemption mechanism allows 'qualifying small refineries' to petition for a one-year RFS compliance exemption starting in 2028 if they face imminent risk of closure, permanent idling, or conversion to renewable fuel production solely due to compliance costs. Petitions must be public, EPA must act within 90 days, and total exempted volumes are capped at the energy equivalent of 150 million gallons of conventional biofuel for 2028 (adjusted proportionally in later years).

A new definition of 'small refining company' was added to Section 211(o)(1). It covers a company, entity, or group of affiliated entities whose daily average aggregate production of obligated fuels for calendar year 2025 did not exceed 75,000 barrels per day across all facilities.

'Qualifying small refinery' is defined as either a small refinery that received an extension under paragraph (9), or one with average daily crude oil throughput not exceeding 10,000 barrels that began production on or after January 1, 2007 and before January 1, 2026.

Beginning in calendar year 2028, EPA may no longer apply or enforce any extension of a small refinery exemption. No small refinery may petition for an extension for any calendar year after 2027, and EPA must act on all outstanding petitions by October 1, 2028.

EPA must finalize a rule within 18 months of enactment modifying regulations related to gasoline-ethanol blends containing more than 10 and up to 15 volume percent ethanol (E15), specifically addressing fuel dispenser labeling requirements and underground storage tank compatibility.

Beginning in calendar year 2028, the compliance requirements of each 'small refining company' under the Renewable Fuel Standard are reduced by 75 percent. If a small refining company exceeds the 75,000 barrel/day threshold in 2026 or any later year, it permanently loses eligibility for the reduction.

A new prohibition prevents EPA from reallocating to other persons any renewable fuel obligation that was reduced for a small refining company under the 75 percent adjustment, starting in calendar year 2028.