Biosecurity Modernization and Innovation Act

HR 10197 requires companies that synthesize or sell nucleic acids and related equipment to implement administrative and technical protocols for verifying buyer identities and assessing the purpose of purchases. The bill mandates that these entities refuse sales if a sequence is on a government-maintained list of high-risk materials and report any suspected misuse that threatens national security or public safety. The Secretary of Commerce is tasked with establishing this list, issuing guidance on compliance best practices, and enforcing the rules through inspections and civil penalties of up to $750,000 per violation. Additionally, the legislation preempts conflicting state laws regarding sequence screening while preserving state authority over areas such as consumer protection and public health.