Protecting Future Farmland Act of 2023

This bill establishes a temporary definition for "agrivoltaic systems" (where solar energy and farming coexist on the same land) and requires the USDA to develop a permanent definition within two years, considering regional factors. It amends the Rural Energy for America Program to prioritize solar projects using agrivoltaic systems and mandates data collection on farmland types, soil management, and project details. The bill also directs the USDA to create public guidance on soil and water protection for solar installations on farmland and requires a 3-year study on agrivoltaic systems' compatibility with crops and livestock. These changes directly affect farmers, solar developers, and USDA programs managing farmland, solar energy, and conservation efforts.