Prohibiting Punishment of Acquitted Conduct Act of 2023

This bill prohibits federal courts from considering acquitted conduct - conduct for which a defendant was found not guilty at trial or dismissed via motion - when determining a sentence, except to potentially reduce a sentence. It amends federal sentencing law to prevent judges from using such acquitted conduct as a basis for harsher penalties. The law applies only to cases with judgments entered after the bill's enactment date. It directly affects defendants in federal criminal cases where prior charges were dismissed or resulted in an acquittal.