Judicial Efficiency Improvement Act

S 1878, the Judicial Efficiency Improvement Act, reorganizes federal judicial circuits by splitting the current Ninth Circuit into two new circuits: the "new Ninth Circuit" (covering California, Guam, Hawaii, and the Northern Mariana Islands) and the "Twelfth Circuit" (covering Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington). It adds 2 new circuit judges for the new Ninth Circuit, establishes 13 permanent circuit judges for the Twelfth Circuit, and authorizes numerous additional district judgeships across multiple states (e.g., 37 for Central California, 23 for Southern Texas). The bill also transfers existing cases and assigns judges based on geographic location as of the effective date, with temporary judge assignments allowed between the circuits to manage caseloads. These changes take effect one year after enactment, with the old Ninth Circuit ceasing administrative operations two years post-enactment.