Fair Courts Act of 2023

HR 3652, the Fair Courts Act of 2023, requires federal district courts to use a three-judge panel for certain lawsuits seeking nationwide injunctions or orders vacating federal regulations. It also mandates that district courts randomly assign cases so no single judge handles more than 25% of cases, with limited exceptions for criminal matters, related cases, or habeas corpus petitions. The bill directly affects federal judges and plaintiffs in cases involving nationwide relief, such as challenges to broad federal regulations or injunctions. Exceptions include cases handled by the Supreme Court or appeals courts, and smaller districts may borrow judges from neighboring areas to meet the 25% assignment rule.