HR 140 United States House · 118th Congress

Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act

HR 140, the Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act, prohibits federal employees from using their authority to censor speech, particularly affecting individuals with pending applications (like grants or permits) or under investigation by the agency. It bans employees from advocating censorship of speech, suppressing speech of people involved in agency matters, or engaging in censorship while on duty in government spaces, wearing uniforms, or using government vehicles. Exceptions cover law enforcement actions against child pornography, human trafficking, or national security threats. Violations can result in penalties including removal, fines up to $10,000, or reprimands. The bill defines "censorship" broadly to include removing speech from platforms or adding disclaimers.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Jan 2023
Committee Review
Mar 2023
House Passage
Mar 2023
Senate Passage
President
Introduced Jan 9, 2023 Last action Mar 14, 2023
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced in House Engrossed in House · 12 edits · Mar 9, 2023
MAJOR
The Engrossed version of HR 140 significantly restructures the federal employee censorship prohibition. It narrows protections to 'lawful speech' (First Amendment), replaces a broad ban on advocating third-party censorship with a more targeted ban on using official authority to censor private entities, adds a detailed 72-hour pre-action reporting requirement to Congress and the Office of Special Counsel, lowers general civil penalties from $10,000 to $1,000 while creating a new $50,000 penalty tier for senior officials, and adds annual compliance reporting, mandatory training, and a rule of construction preserving lawful law enforcement actions.
SCOPE

The policy statement and prohibitions now apply only to 'lawful speech' (defined as First Amendment-protected speech) rather than all speech. A new definition of 'unlawful speech' (not First Amendment protected) is added, creating a clear legal boundary for when censorship actions are permissible.

A new rule of construction clarifies that the Act does not prohibit: lawful enforcement of federal law or regulation (including obscenity), establishing conditions of federal financial assistance, using official federal accounts to communicate policy positions, or normal press and public affairs communications.

REQUIREMENT

The original prohibition on using official authority to 'advocate that any third party take any action to censor any speech' was removed. The specific protections for individuals with pending applications, ongoing audits, investigations, or enforcement actions were also eliminated.

A new prohibition was added: an employee may not use official authority to censor any private entity, including outside normal duty hours and while away from the normal duty post. This replaces the old 'further restricted employees' provision that applied only to EOP staff and Senate-confirmed appointees.

Mandatory annual training on the section is required for all agency employees, directed by each employing agency head.

ENFORCEMENT

A detailed reporting requirement was added: 72 hours before any censorship action under the law enforcement exception, the agency head must submit a report to the Office of Special Counsel and specified congressional committees (Oversight, Judiciary, Intelligence, Energy/Commerce in House; Homeland Security, Judiciary, Intelligence, Commerce in Senate) including the rationale, targeted entity, legal authority, involved employees, and coordinating agencies. Exemptions apply for child pornography, human trafficking, and controlled substances cases; national security cases shift to 72 hours after.

Civil penalties were restructured: general employee penalty decreased from $10,000 to $1,000; debarment period increased from 5 to 10 years; a new $50,000 civil penalty tier was created for senior officials (White House Office employees and Senate-confirmed appointees).

The Special Counsel is now explicitly authorized to seek civil monetary penalties directly under section 1215(a) instead of sending a report to the President under section 1215(b), while preserving the President's authority over disciplinary action for senior officials.

A new annual compliance report is required from the Attorney General (in consultation with Civil Rights and OSC) within 240 days of enactment and annually thereafter, evaluating government compliance and describing any agency head actions consulting third parties about censorship or engaging in prohibited activity. This reporting requirement sunsets after 10 years.

Section 1216(a) of title 5 is amended to explicitly include censorship activities under subchapter VIII within the Office of Special Counsel's jurisdiction alongside political activity prohibitions.

A new congressional findings section requires inspectors general to publicly report annually for seven years on the number of complaints and tips received, investigations opened, and disposition statistics related to compliance with this Act.

DEFINITION

The definition of 'censor/censorship' was changed from 'ordering or advocating for' to 'influencing or coercing, or directing another to influence or coerce.' Platform references were narrowed from any 'platform (including an interactive computer service)' to only 'interactive computer service.' The access-restriction exception was broadened from 'criminal activities' to 'unlawful speech or criminal activities.'

Floor votes · House Mar 9, 2023

How they voted

219206
Passed · 9 other
Total votes 434
Mar 9, 2023
D Democratic213
206 Nay 7
96% Nay
I Independent1
1 Yea
100% Yea
R Republican220
218 Yea 2
99% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
45
Key actions
28
Committee
28
Amendments
3
Mar 14, 2023
Committee
Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
upper
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 206 (Roll no. 141).
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 206 (Roll no. 141).
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
Mr. Landsman moved to recommit to the Committee on Oversight and Accountability. (text: CR H1221)
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
The House adopted the amendment in the nature of a substitute as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 140.
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Rose amendment No. 10.
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Rose amendment No. 9.
lower
Mar 9, 2023
Lower · Passed
The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 140 as unfinished business.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
Mr. Comer moved that the committee rise.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
On motion that the Committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
Mr. Comer moved that the Committee rise.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 8.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 7.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Introduced
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Jackson Lee amendment No. 6, the Chair put the question on adoption of the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Jackson Lee demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings on the question of adoption of the amendment until a time to be announced.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Jackson Lee amendment No. 6.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Good (VA) amendment No. 5.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Introduced
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Perry amendment No. 4, the Chair put the question on adoption of the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Fitzpatrick demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings on the question of adoption of the amendment until a time to be announced.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H.Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Perry amendment No.4.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Bishop (NC) amendment No. 3.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Comer amendment No. 2.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 199, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Clyde amendment No. 1.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 140.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
The Speaker designated the Honorable Mike Flood to act as Chairman of the Committee.
lower
Mar 8, 2023
Lower · Passed
House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 199 and Rule XVIII.
lower
Mar 7, 2023
Lower · Passed
Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 199 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 140, H.J. Res. 27 and S. 619. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 140, under a structured rule. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J.Res. 27 and S. 619, under closed rules. General debate is limited to one hour of debate on all measures.
lower
Mar 2, 2023
Lower · Passed
Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Oversight and Accountability. H. Rept. 118-5.
lower
Feb 28, 2023
Introduced
Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 24 - 20.
lower
Feb 28, 2023
Lower · Passed
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
lower
Jan 9, 2023
Committee
Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Accountability.
lower
Jan 9, 2023
Introduced
Introduced in House
lower
1 primary · 16 co-sponsors

Sponsors