Protecting due process in firearm confiscation
SB 963 requires courts to hold a full adversarial hearing with the respondent present and represented by counsel before issuing a protective order that prohibits firearm possession in domestic violence cases. It mandates that such restrictions can only be imposed if the court finds clear and convincing evidence of an immediate danger (e.g., documented threats or sworn testimony), not as punishment. The bill also requires automatic appeals for respondents within 10 days if firearm restrictions are included in the order. This directly affects individuals facing domestic violence protective orders in West Virginia, changing the process for firearm-related restrictions. The law aims to balance safety concerns with due process by setting higher evidentiary standards before restricting gun access.
Bill status
failed
3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Feb 2026
Committee Review
Mar 2026
Senate Passage
Mar 2026
House of Delegates Failed
Mar 2026
Governor
Introduced Feb 17, 2026
Last action Mar 12, 2026
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison
What changed between versions
Introduced Version
→
Committee Substitute
·
5 edits
MODERATE
The bill was amended to clarify that firearm prohibitions in protective orders require proper service of notice and a full adversarial hearing with specific evidence standards, rather than being automatically applied. The Committee Substitute also changed the required burden of proof from 'clear and convincing evidence' to 'preponderance of the evidence' and added specific findings the court must make before restricting firearms.
Scope change
The bill's scope was refined to include specific procedural requirements for when firearm prohibitions can be imposed, including proper service of notice and defined circumstances under which surrender may be permitted.
REQUIREMENT
Changed the burden of proof for firearm prohibitions from 'clear and convincing evidence' to 'preponderance of the evidence'.
Added requirement that respondent must be properly served with notice of hearing before firearm prohibitions can be imposed.
Added specific findings the court must make regarding domestic violence occurrence and petitioner's good faith request before restricting firearms.
Added circumstances under which protective orders may permit firearm possession, including respondent consent or failure to appear for hearing.
ENFORCEMENT
Modified appeal process to allow respondent to file petition for appeal with circuit court rather than automatic appeal.
Floor votes · Senate Mar 4, 2026 · House of Delegates Mar 12, 2026
How they voted
21–11
Passed · 1 other
Total votes 33
Mar 4, 2026
D
Democratic2
100% Nay
R
Republican31
67% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea
All Nay
Mixed
No data
Full legislative history
Actions timeline
Total actions
20
Key actions
3
Committee
5
Mar 12, 2026
Lower · Passed
Motion to discharge from committee
lower
Mar 12, 2026
Vote failed
House of Delegates Vote: fail (17-77-5)
house of delegates
Mar 5, 2026
Committee
To House Judiciary
lower
Mar 5, 2026
Committee
To Judiciary
lower
Mar 5, 2026
Introduced
Introduced in House
lower
Mar 4, 2026
Upper · Passed
Passed Senate (Roll No. 346)
upper
Mar 2, 2026
Upper · Passed
Committee substitute reported
upper
Feb 17, 2026
Introduced
Introduced in Senate
upper
Feb 17, 2026
Committee
To Judiciary
upper
1 primary · 1 co-sponsor
Sponsors
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