Relating to crimes against public justice
West Virginia Senate Bill 4 creates a new law requiring people to stay at least 30 feet away from first responders (including police, firefighters, probation officers, and emergency medical personnel) while they are lawfully performing duties. It makes it a misdemeanor to knowingly approach within 30 feet after being verbally warned, if the action impedes their work, threatens them, or harasses them (defined as causing substantial emotional distress without legitimate purpose). Violators face fines of $50-$500, up to one year in jail, or both. The bill directly affects individuals near emergency scenes and aims to protect responders from interference. It amends West Virginia Code §61-5-30.
Bill status
signed
all 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Jan 2026
Committee Review
Mar 2026
Senate Passage
Mar 2026
House of Delegates Passage
Mar 2026
Signed into Law
Jun 2026
Introduced Jan 14, 2026
Signed Jun 25, 2026
Maddy AI version diff · 4 comparisons
What changed between versions
sb4 h jud am _1 adopted.htm
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sb4 sfa willis 3-13 _2 adopted.htm
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2 edits
MINOR
The bill was revised to expand the definition of prohibited conduct for bystanders near first responders by adding 'harassment' as a specific violation. This change clarifies that willfully engaging in a course of verbal conduct creating a hostile environment is now a punishable offense, alongside previously existing prohibitions on impeding duties or threatening physical harm.
Scope change
The scope of the law was broadened to include verbal harassment as a criminal act, whereas the original version only covered physical interference or threats of physical harm.
DEFINITION
A new definition for 'Harass' was added, defining it as willfully engaging in a course of verbal conduct directed at a first responder that creates a hostile environment.
REQUIREMENT
The list of prohibited actions was updated to include 'Harass the first responder' as a third specific violation, in addition to impeding duties and threatening physical harm.
Floor votes · Senate Jan 29, 2026 · House of Delegates Mar 12, 2026
How they voted
31–2
Passed
Total votes 33
Jan 29, 2026
D
Democratic2
100% Nay
R
Republican31
100% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea
All Nay
Mixed
No data
Full legislative history
Actions timeline
Total actions
45
Key actions
10
Committee
6
Amendments
2
Apr 1, 2026
Signed into law
Approved by Governor 4/1/2026
upper
Mar 14, 2026
Signed into law
Approved by Governor 4/1/2026 - House Journal
lower
Mar 14, 2026
Signed into law
Approved by Governor 4/1/2026 - Senate Journal
upper
Mar 14, 2026
Upper · Passed
Senate receded and passed (Roll No. 691)
upper
Mar 13, 2026
Upper · Passed
Senate amended House amendment and passed bill (Roll No. 592)
upper
Mar 12, 2026
Lower · Passed
Passed House (Roll No. 411)
lower
Mar 11, 2026
Lower · Passed
Committee amendment adopted (Voice vote)
lower
Mar 11, 2026
Amended
Amendment rejected (Roll No. 409)
lower
Mar 11, 2026
Introduced
Amendment reported by the Clerk
lower
Mar 10, 2026
Lower · Passed
With amendment, do pass
lower
Jan 30, 2026
Committee
To House Judiciary
lower
Jan 30, 2026
Committee
To Judiciary
lower
Jan 30, 2026
Introduced
Introduced in House
lower
Jan 29, 2026
Upper · Passed
Passed Senate (Roll No. 17)
upper
Jan 23, 2026
Upper · Passed
Committee substitute reported
upper
Jan 14, 2026
Introduced
Introduced in Senate
upper
Jan 14, 2026
Committee
To Judiciary
upper
1 primary · 8 co-sponsors
Sponsors
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