Relating to firearm liability insurance for certain firearm owners; providing a civil penalty.

SB 2156 requires most civilian firearm owners in Texas to maintain at least $100,000 in liability insurance covering harm caused by negligent or intentional firearm use (including death, injury, or property damage), with key exemptions for peace officers, licensed private security personnel, and active military members. Owners must provide proof of insurance to law enforcement upon request through a policy copy, a displayed image on a device, or an insurance binder, and failure to do so creates a presumption of violation. The bill does not apply to self-defense incidents under Texas Penal Code. It creates a civil penalty for noncompliance but does not specify the penalty amount in the provided text. This bill directly affects most private firearm owners, excluding the specified professional groups.