HB 2234 Texas House · 89th Legislature (2025)

Relating to the age of criminal responsibility and to certain substantive and procedural matters related to that age.

HB 2234 raises the age of criminal responsibility in Texas from 18 to 17 for most offenses. It defines a "child" as someone aged 10-17 or 17-18 who was under juvenile court jurisdiction before turning 18. The bill prevents prosecution for most offenses committed before age 17 (except specific serious crimes like gang-related violence), requiring juvenile court to waive jurisdiction for adult prosecution. These changes apply only to offenses occurring on or after September 1, 2027, with prior cases governed by older laws. The bill passed the Texas Legislature on May 16, 2025.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Mar 2025
Committee Review
May 2025
House Passage
May 2025
Senate Passage
Governor
Introduced Mar 14, 2025 Last action May 19, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced Engrossed · 5 edits · May 16, 2025
MODERATE
This bill lowers the age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 17 in Texas, meaning 17-year-olds will now be treated as adults for certain criminal offenses rather than juveniles. The changes affect how minors are prosecuted, detained, and handled in the justice system, with most provisions taking effect on September 1, 2027.
Scope change
The bill expands adult criminal jurisdiction to include 17-year-olds for offenses that previously would have been handled in juvenile court, while maintaining some protections for minors in specific circumstances.
ELIGIBILITY

Definition of 'child' changed from 18 years of age to 17 years of age for determining criminal responsibility and juvenile court jurisdiction.

ENFORCEMENT

17-year-olds can now be prosecuted as adults for certain offenses, including those involving sexual abuse, gang activity, and crimes committed near schools or other sensitive locations.

REQUIREMENT

Juvenile detention facilities must now meet adult facility standards for 17-year-olds transferred to adult facilities, and certain expungement rules now apply to offenses committed before age 17.

TIMELINE

Most substantive provisions apply only to offenses committed on or after September 1, 2027, with grandfathering for earlier offenses.

DEFINITION

Age references throughout the bill were updated from 18 to 17, affecting eligibility for various juvenile protections and procedures.

Floor votes · House May 15, 2025

How they voted

7265
Passed · 7 other
Total votes 144
May 15, 2025
D Democratic60
54 Yea 1 Nay 5
90% Yea
R Republican84
18 Yea 64 Nay 2
76% Nay
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
26
Key actions
8
Committee
7
May 19, 2025
Introduced
Received from the House
upper
May 16, 2025
Lower · Passed
Passed
lower
May 15, 2025
Lower · Passed
Passed to engrossment
lower
May 9, 2025
Lower · Passed
Committee report sent to Calendars
lower
May 9, 2025
Lower · Passed
Committee report distributed
lower
May 1, 2025
Lower · Passed
Reported favorably as substituted
lower
May 1, 2025
Lower · Passed
Recalled from subcommittee
lower
Mar 26, 2025
Lower · Passed
Left pending in subcommittee
lower
Mar 26, 2025
Lower · Passed
Testimony taken/registration(s) recorded in subcommittee
lower
Mar 14, 2025
Committee
Referred to s/c on Juvenile Justice by Speaker
lower
Mar 14, 2025
Introduced
Read first time
lower
2 primary · 0 co-sponsors

Sponsors