SB 554 North Carolina Senate · 2025-2026 Session

Farmers Protection Act.

The Farmers Protection Act (SB 554) aims to prevent discrimination in financing against agriculture producers. It makes it unlawful for banks to deny or cancel services to farmers based on their greenhouse gas emissions, use of fossil-fuel derived fertilizer, or fossil-fuel powered machinery. If a bank has an environmental, social, or governance (ESG) commitment related to agriculture, there is a rebuttable presumption that such a denial violates the act, unless the bank proves it was solely for financial reasons. The bill requires banks to submit annual compliance reports and allows for civil penalties for violations, which are also considered an unfair or deceptive trade practice.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Mar 2025
Committee Review
May 2025
Senate Passage
May 2025
House Passage
Governor
Introduced Mar 25, 2025 Last action May 8, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 2 comparisons

What changed between versions

Edition 1 Edition 2 · 8 edits
MODERATE
The bill was significantly rewritten by the Judiciary Committee, removing most of the original Farmers Protection Act provisions and replacing them with a much narrower version. The original bill aimed to prevent banks from discriminating against farmers based on environmental factors like greenhouse gas emissions, but the new version eliminates these protections entirely. Instead, the bill now focuses on updating definitions and enforcement procedures for existing financial regulations without adding the anti-discrimination protections originally intended.
Scope change
The bill's scope was substantially narrowed. The original version applied to all banks and prohibited discrimination against agriculture producers based on environmental practices. The revised version removes these protections and instead focuses on updating definitions and enforcement mechanisms for existing financial regulations without adding new anti-discrimination provisions.
REQUIREMENT

Removed the core anti-discrimination provision that prohibited banks from denying services to farmers based on greenhouse gas emissions, fossil-fuel fertilizer use, or fossil-fuel powered machinery.

Removed the rebuttable presumption provision that would have made it easier for farmers to challenge bank decisions based on ESG commitments.

Removed the annual reporting requirement that would have required banks to attest to compliance under penalty of perjury.

Modified the credit union enforcement provision to reference a different subsection of the original anti-discrimination section that no longer exists.

ENFORCEMENT

Removed the specific enforcement provision that allowed the Commissioner to seek injunctions or civil penalties of up to $10,000 per violation.

Changed enforcement from specific civil penalties to general monitoring as part of recurring bank examinations.

DEFINITION

Changed the definition of agriculture producer from someone engaged in growing crops/livestock for retail consumption to someone engaged in production for commercial purposes.

TECHNICAL

Added 'Judiciary Committee Substitute Adopted 5/6/25' designation indicating this is a committee revision.

Floor votes · Senate May 7, 2025

How they voted

3711
Passed · 3 other
Total votes 51
May 7, 2025
D Democratic20
7 Yea 11 Nay 2
55% Nay
R Republican31
30 Yea 1
96% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
21
Key actions
6
Committee
11
May 8, 2025
Committee
Ref To Com On Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House
lower
May 7, 2025
Upper · Passed
Passed 3rd Reading
upper
May 6, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reptd Fav
upper
May 6, 2025
Committee
Re-ref Com On Rules and Operations of the Senate
upper
May 6, 2025
Upper · Passed
Com Substitute Adopted
upper
May 6, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reptd Fav Com Substitute
upper
May 5, 2025
Committee
Re-ref to Judiciary. If fav, re-ref to Rules and Operations of the Senate
upper
Apr 29, 2025
Committee
Re-ref Com On Rules and Operations of the Senate
upper
Apr 29, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reptd Fav
upper
Apr 16, 2025
Committee
Re-ref Com On Judiciary
upper
Apr 16, 2025
Upper · Passed
Reptd Fav
upper
Apr 2, 2025
Committee
Re-ref to Agriculture, Energy, and Environment. If fav, re-ref to Judiciary. If fav, re-ref to Rules and Operations of the Senate
upper
Mar 26, 2025
Committee
Ref To Com On Rules and Operations of the Senate
upper
Mar 25, 2025
Introduced
Filed
upper
1 primary · 6 co-sponsors

Sponsors