SB 27 Maryland Senate · 2025 Regular Session

Election Law - Campaign Finance - Exploratory Committees

SB 27 clarifies rules for "exploratory committees" - entities formed by potential candidates to test viability before officially running for office. It requires these committees to follow most campaign finance rules (like reporting) but exempts them from contribution limits and restricts spending to specific activities like surveys, voter communications, staff, websites, and basic equipment. The bill also mandates that if an official campaign committee forms from an exploratory committee, any equipment purchased must be at fair market value, and remaining funds must be returned within 120 days. This directly affects potential candidates and their early fundraising efforts.
Bill status passed 3 of 5 stages cleared
Introduction
Sep 2024
Committee Review
Feb 2025
Senate Passage
Feb 2025
House of Delegates Passage
Governor
Introduced Sep 9, 2024 Last action Mar 3, 2025
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What changed between versions

First - Election Law - Campaign Finance - Exploratory Committees Third - Election Law - Campaign Finance - Exploratory Committees · 6 edits
MODERATE
This bill adds new provisions to Maryland's election law regarding exploratory committees, which are entities established by potential candidates to determine their viability for public office. The changes clarify definitions, expand allowable activities, and establish rules for how these committees can receive and use funds before a candidate officially registers their campaign committee.
Scope change
The bill expands the scope of election law to formally recognize and regulate exploratory committees, which previously may not have had clear statutory guidance.
DEFINITION

Added a formal definition of 'exploratory committee' as an entity established by a potential candidate to determine their viability for public office.

Added a definition of 'donation' specifically for exploratory committees, clarifying what counts as a contribution and what does not (such as ordinary business income or investments).

REQUIREMENT

Modified the rules for what an exploratory committee can spend money on, limiting expenditures to activities like surveys, mailings, staff, websites, digital communications, office space, and electronic equipment related to determining viability.

Added a requirement that exploratory committees must return remaining funds within 120 days after a potential candidate files for office or establishes a campaign committee.

FISCAL

Modified rules about advance payments, prohibiting exploratory committees from paying expenses in advance for goods or services that will be used by the candidate's official campaign committee once established.

ELIGIBILITY

Added provisions allowing an individual who is already a candidate to establish an exploratory committee for a different public office.

Floor votes · Senate Feb 13, 2025

How they voted

450
Passed · 1 other
Total votes 46
Feb 13, 2025
D Democratic33
32 Yea 1
96% Yea
R Republican13
13 Yea
100% Yea
Vote distribution
All Yea All Nay Mixed No data
Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
12
Key actions
4
Committee
4
Feb 28, 2025
Committee
Referred Ways and Means
lower
Feb 27, 2025
Upper · Passed
Third Reading Passed
upper
Feb 25, 2025
Upper · Passed
Favorable with Amendments {
upper
Feb 24, 2025
Upper · Passed
Favorable with Amendments Report by Education, Energy, and the Environment
upper
Feb 13, 2025
Senate · Passed
Senate Vote: pass (45-0-1)
senate
Jan 8, 2025
Committee
First Reading Education, Energy, and the Environment
upper
Sep 9, 2024
Introduced
Pre-filed
upper
1 primary · 0 co-sponsors

Sponsors

Role
Legislator
Party
State
District
P
Photo of Cheryl Kagan
Cheryl Kagan
DDemocratic
MD
17