Unhoused Individuals - Rights, Civil Action, and Affirmative Defense

HB 487 establishes that unhoused individuals in Maryland have the right to engage in life-sustaining activities (like sleeping, eating, or sheltering) on public places without facing penalties - such as fines or arrests - if adequate indoor shelter isn’t available. It defines "adequate alternative indoor space" as accessible, free, ADA-compliant housing (including 400+ sq. ft. tiny homes) that accommodates family, possessions, and indefinite stay, and prohibits governments from punishing people for these activities in its absence. The bill also allows civil lawsuits against officials who violate these rights and creates a legal "necessity" defense for trespass or disorderly conduct charges related to basic needs. It directly affects unhoused residents (including those in cars, parks, or temporary shelters) and government entities enforcing public space rules.