HB 25-1212 Colorado House · 2025 Regular Session

Public Safety Protections Artificial Intelligence

Summary
The bill prohibits a developer that has trained a foundation artificial intelligence model (foundation model) from preventing a worker from, or retaliating against a worker for, disclosing or threatening to disclose information to the developer, the attorney general, or appropriate state or federal authorities if the worker has reasonable cause to believe the information indicates one of the following: The developer is out of compliance with law applicable to public safety or security; The developer's activities pose a substantial risk to public safety or security, even if the developer is not out of compliance with any law; or The developer has made false or misleading statements concerning public safety or security or concerning the developer's management of risks to public safety or security. A developer must provide notice to all workers working on a foundation model of the workers' rights and responsibilities under the bill. The bill requires a developer to create and provide an internal process through which a worker may anonymously disclose information to the developer regarding a risk to public safety or security enabled by the developer's foundation model. The developer shall provide a monthly update to the worker who made the disclosure regarding the status of the developer's investigation of the disclosure and the actions taken by the developer in response to the disclosure. An aggrieved worker may commence a civil action in district court against a developer for a violation of the bill. A court may order relief against a developer that is found to have violated the bill, including: Reinstatement or rehiring of a worker, with or without back pay; The greater of either $10,000 or any lost pay resulting from the violation; Punitive damages; and Reasonable attorney fees to an aggrieved worker.(Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced.)
Bill status in committee 1 of 4 stages cleared
Introduction
Feb 2025
Committee Review
Floor Vote
Governor
Introduced Feb 11, 2025 Last action May 5, 2025
Maddy AI version diff · 1 comparison

What changed between versions

Introduced (02/11/2025) PA1 (03/06/2025) · 5 edits
MODERATE
The bill was amended to replace the term 'Developer' with 'Large Artificial Intelligence Developer' and updated the definition of 'Foundation Model' to remove requirements for self-supervision. These changes narrow the bill's scope to apply only to larger AI entities that meet specific training cost thresholds, while simplifying the technical definition of foundation models.
Scope change
The bill's applicability was narrowed from all developers to only those classified as 'Large Artificial Intelligence Developers' based on training costs and scale.
DEFINITION

The definition of 'Developer' was replaced with 'Large Artificial Intelligence Developer', requiring entities to meet higher thresholds for independent contractors or training costs.

The definition of 'Foundation Model' was simplified by removing the requirement that models must use 'self-supervision' in the training process.

A new definition for 'Large Artificial Intelligence Developer' was added, specifying entities that either employ many independent contractors or have trained foundation models with significant computational costs.

ELIGIBILITY

Eligibility for protections under the whistleblower provisions was updated to apply only to workers of 'Large Artificial Intelligence Developers' rather than all developers.

REQUIREMENT

Requirements for written notice and prohibition on retaliatory action were updated to apply to 'Large Artificial Intelligence Developers' instead of general 'Developers'.

Floor votes

How they voted

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Full legislative history

Actions timeline

Total actions
6
Key actions
1
Committee
1
Mar 4, 2025
Lower · Passed
House Committee on Judiciary Refer Amended to House Committee of the Whole
lower
Feb 11, 2025
Introduced
Introduced In House - Assigned to Judiciary
lower
3 primary · 0 co-sponsors

Sponsors